Supreme Court condoned delay, admitted the civil appeals concerning customs matters, and directed that the hearing be expedited. No substantive customs issue, legal reasoning, or final determination on the merits is recorded.

The State Government appointed 1 January 2020 as the date on which section 16 of the Telangana Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021 came into force, exercising its commencement power under section 1(2) of that Act.

GST exemptions apply from 15 July 2024 to specified public-facing and internal railway services, SPV infrastructure-use arrangements with the Ministry of Railways, and qualifying long-term accommodation services. Earlier liability for identified railway, SPV, reinsurance and qualifying accommodation supplies is regularized on an "as is where is" basis. Statutory collections by the Real Estate Regulatory Authority fall within the governmental-authority exemption. Specified digital-payment incentive sharing is treated as non-taxable subsidy, while reinsurance includes retrocession for the relevant exemption.

Special GST procedure applies to corporate debtors in corporate insolvency resolution whose affairs are managed by an Interim Resolution Professional or Resolution Professional. The covered debtor is treated as a distinct person and must obtain new registration in each previously registered jurisdiction. Input tax credit is available in the first return for eligible post-appointment supplies invoiced under the erstwhile registration, subject to specified exclusions. Recipients may claim credit during the transitional period, and cash-ledger deposits made under the existing registration before new registration are refundable.

Aadhaar authentication is required for registration applicants, and failure to authenticate triggers physical verification of the principal place of business before registration. The amendments revise common-capital-goods input tax credit treatment, permit re-credit of admissible refunds debited from the electronic credit ledger, and distinguish cash and credit components in tax refund claims. Export-related refunds must be repaid proportionately with interest if sale proceeds are not realised within the permitted foreign-exchange period, subject to waiver and later re-refund conditions.

Form 4 records declarant details, the amount determined as payable, applicable interest and the total payment made. On payment of the determined amount and delayed-payment interest, the competent income-tax authority certifies payment towards full and final settlement and certifies the validity of the Form 1 declaration. Subject to applicable conditions, immunity applies against further tax, penalty and prosecution concerning undisclosed foreign income and assets. Form 1, Form 2 and Form 3 must be annexed together when Form 4 is issued.

Form 3 under rule 7 enables a declarant to intimate payments made under the Foreign Assets of Small Taxpayers Disclosure Scheme, 2026 pursuant to a Form 2 order. It records the amount payable, initial due date, payments made, outstanding amount, delayed-payment interest and challan particulars. Additional interest at one per cent per month applies to outstanding amounts beyond the initial two-month period, subject to a maximum of two additional months. Payments may be made in instalments, and the declarant must certify the correctness and completeness of the information.

Form 2 records the amount payable on a Form 1 declaration under the Foreign Assets of Small Taxpayers Disclosure Scheme. It requires details and fair market values of declared foreign assets or income, aggregation of values, applicable fee, and the total sum payable. Payment must be made within two months from the end of the month of certificate receipt. Delayed payment is permitted for a further limited period with interest at one per cent per month or part thereof. Non-payment within that extended period voids the declaration.

Form 1 requires disclosure of specified foreign assets and income, with declarant details, asset or income classification, acquisition year, residential status, supporting evidence and annexure-based asset particulars. Fair market value must be aggregated by category, with the prescribed amount payable calculated at 60 per cent for undisclosed foreign assets and income and a prescribed fee for specified omitted foreign assets. Indexed acquisition cost is deemed fair market value where no valuation is carried out. Verification requires certification of correctness, completeness and compliance with the specified exclusion provision.

Electronic filing and verification procedures for declarations and related forms under the Foreign Assets of Small Taxpayers Disclosure Scheme are to be prescribed by the designated Systems authority. Verification must use a digital signature where the income-tax return requires one, and an electronic verification code otherwise. The authority may modify formats for electronic furnishing of Form 1 declarations, Form 2 orders, Form 3 payment intimations and Form 4 validity certifications, and must implement security, archival and retrieval policies for these forms.

The income-tax authority must pass an order certifying the validity of the Form 1 declaration and payment by the declarant for the purposes of section 139 of the Act. The order is required within one month from the end of the month in which electronic payment intimation in Form 4 is submitted.

Electronic payment is required for the amount determined under section 135(1), and the declarant must electronically furnish Form 3 with proof of payment and applicable interest. Payment within two months from the end of the month of the determination order attracts no interest. Payment within the permitted additional period attracts interest at 1% for each month or part of a month beyond that period. Payment after the maximum additional period of four months results in loss of the Scheme benefit.

Electronic issuance of Form 2 is required for an order concerning a declarant's payable amount under section 135(1), including applicable penalty or fee, under the Foreign Assets of Small Taxpayers Disclosure Scheme.

Electronic declarations of undisclosed foreign assets or income under section 133 must be filed in Form 1 and remain subject to separate aggregate-value ceilings for the prescribed categories. Combined foreign asset and income declarations, and multiple foreign income declarations, are eligible only within the applicable income-and-asset threshold; declarations consisting of undisclosed foreign assets are separately governed by the asset threshold. A fair-market-value variance for an asset other than a bank account does not invalidate a declaration under section 134(3) solely for misrepresentation or false particulars where it remains within twenty per cent of the declared value.

Amount payable under the foreign asset disclosure scheme depends on the applicable category of undisclosed foreign asset or income and compliance with its value conditions. Tax is separately computed on undisclosed assets and foreign income at the prescribed rate, with an additional penalty equal to the aggregate tax. A prescribed fee applies to qualifying foreign assets omitted from the return after the assessee became resident. Where the combined value of foreign assets exceeds the applicable threshold, declaration under the scheme is unavailable.

Custodianship of imported, export and transhipment goods at Vizhinjam International Seaport is assigned to M/s Adani Vizhinjam Port Private Limited. The custodian must securely receive, handle, store and record cargo; remains accountable for loss or pilferage and applicable duty; and may not sell uncleared or relinquished goods without customs permission. It must furnish prescribed bond and security, provide cargo infrastructure and customs staff facilities, bear applicable charges, avoid demurrage on detained goods, and obtain approval for subcontracting or alterations within the customs area.

Foreign assets are valued by category, generally at the higher of acquisition cost and open-market value on the valuation date. Indexed acquisition cost applies where the required open-market valuation is not obtained. Quoted securities use market prices, while unquoted equity shares use an adjusted net-asset-value formula. Bank accounts are valued by cumulative deposits, subject to exclusions for redeposited withdrawals and previously declared deposits. Values are adjusted to prevent double counting where proceeds or withdrawals fund new assets, and foreign-currency values are converted into Indian currency using prescribed valuation-date exchange rates.

Definitions for the Foreign Assets of Small Taxpayers Disclosure Scheme identify the governing Finance Act, adopt the Income-tax Act, 1961 meaning of indexed cost of acquisition, define prescribed forms and section references, and fix the valuation date as 31 March 2026. Undefined expressions retain meanings assigned under the specified tax and black-money laws. Income-tax authority means the Principal Director General of Income-tax (Systems) or the Director General of Income-tax (Systems), as applicable, and the last date is 31 December 2026.

Foreign Assets of Small Taxpayers- Disclosure Scheme Rules, 2026 are made under section 143 of the Finance Act, 2026. The Rules come into force on 16 August 2026.

Foreign-exchange conditions reflected rupee depreciation amid weak domestic equity markets and higher crude oil prices. FCNR(B) concessional swap facility availability is confined to foreign currency deposits mobilised by banks within the revised cut-off period, replacing the previously longer mobilisation window. The facility is intended to encourage foreign currency inflows, while banks use the FCNR(B) scheme to mobilise foreign currency deposits through attractive interest rates.