Section 213(b) requires recorded satisfaction, reasons showing application of mind, and a reasonable opportunity of hearing before an investigation into company affairs, or preliminary steps towards it, is directed. Requests to external investigative agencies for tracking information at the initial stage cannot proceed without a rational basis, compliance with those statutory conditions, and prior hearing of affected parties. Directions issued without these safeguards are contrary to natural justice and require fresh consideration after hearing the affected party.

Residuary jurisdiction in liquidation permits incidental and consequential directions necessary to give commercial effect to a going-concern sale, including revised shareholding, fresh equity, listing-related steps, removal of historical encumbrances, and restoration of active corporate status, subject to applicable procedures and regulatory powers. A going-concern purchaser receives clean-slate protection from pre-sale liabilities, while pending proceedings may continue in the corporate debtor's name under new management without determining their merits. Subsisting licences, approvals and contractual rights continue subject to compliance obligations. Relief extending to all receivables or creating a fresh limitation period is unavailable w.....

Arrest under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act requires more than formal satisfaction of statutory conditions: the necessity and need for arrest must also be assessed. Anticipatory bail remains an exceptional discretionary remedy, particularly in economic offences, requiring a balance between personal liberty and the investigating agency's need for interrogation and evidence collection. Relevant considerations include the accusation's gravity, the applicant's antecedents, risk of absconding, and the effect of pre-arrest protection on the investigation. Prima facie involvement in the alleged money-laundering offence led to refusal of anticipatory bail and dismissal of the criminal petition.

Equivalent-value attachment under the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act requires that proceeds of crime have been passed on or layered and are unavailable with the person or entity to whom they were laundered. Attachment was not justified where subsidiary companies had no established money trail to the alleged kickback. Provisional attachment also requires a real likelihood that confiscation will be frustrated; mortgaged properties subject to admitted insolvency proceedings could be sold or transferred only under National Company Law Tribunal orders. The confirmation order was set aside, and the properties remained subject to the insolvency proceedings.

Fair-hearing requirements require supply of documents relied on in pleadings where the retention order is founded on them; service of a panchnama alone does not provide an adequate opportunity to respond. Retention of seized documents is justified only when they are relied on in a prosecution complaint or supplementary complaint and required to prove the case against an accused. Documents not so required must be released within a reasonable time, while authenticated photocopies may be retained. The retention direction was consequently limited to documents necessary as prosecution evidence.

Penalty under Rule 26 for dealing in goods liable to confiscation requires proof that the person acquired, possessed or dealt with excisable goods knowing or believing them to be liable to confiscation. Allegations of clandestine removal require affirmative evidence across the production and supply chain, including unaccounted procurement and production, transport and clearance, identified buyers' receipt, and unaccounted consideration; recovered diaries or notepads alone do not establish their contents as true. Statements recorded during investigation may be relied on where examination and cross-examination opportunities were provided but not used, without violating natural justice.

Taxability of a U.S. COVID-19 economic stimulus payment received after an individual becomes Indian resident is examined against India's taxation of global income. The payment is characterised as personal social-benefit or disaster-relief aid rather than income from employment, services, business, or investment. The issue concerns whether the payment must be treated as taxable or exempt when declaring a U.S. bank account under the FAST-DS 2026 Cat B route.

CPI(M) called for repeal of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, alleging that insolvency processes enabled diversion of public resources. It questioned economic growth figures against agricultural weakness, mining contraction, higher input costs, inflation, unemployment and malnutrition. The party also raised Census data privacy concerns over caste-data collection, potential linkage with government databases, and possible implications for citizenship, electoral rolls and future delimitation.

Food Business Operator licensing requires the entity holding a food licence or registration to itself conduct the licensed food business at the specified premises. A third-party operator cannot operate under another entity's licence or registration and must obtain its own licence or registration. Regulatory notices concerning such arrangements may also address hygiene lapses and structural violations, followed by consideration of the operators' responses.

European diesel supply is becoming increasingly dependent on Indian refining capacity as Russian diesel and gasoil exports remain constrained by export restrictions, refinery disruptions and port outages, while US shipments to Europe have weakened. Alternative supply routes offer limited additional clean-product volumes because reduced tanker crossings and lower ship-to-ship transfers offshore Oman constrain flows through the Strait of Hormuz. Low diesel inventories, seasonal demand and planned refinery maintenance increase exposure to supply disruptions.

Pending appellate review of a confiscation order, merits were not adjudicated after the appeal had been transmitted to the Commissioner of Appeals. Expedited consideration of the appeal was directed, together with service of the appeal on the petitioner. Status quo over the detained gold bar was required to be maintained until the appeal is decided, preserving the subject matter of the confiscation dispute during appellate proceedings.

Service of an excise order by speed post requires proof of delivery to establish communication and trigger the statutory appeal period. The Revenue bears the initial burden of proving compliant service; dispatch records and the postal article's non-return do not, by themselves, prove delivery. Where delivery cannot be established, the assessee's stated date of actual receipt is accepted for computing limitation. The appeal is consequently treated as filed within time and requires decision on merits without reopening the limitation issue.

Interest expenditure relating to exempt-income investments is not disallowable where interest-free own funds exceed those investments, since the investments are presumed to have been made from such funds. Administrative expenditure exceeding an assessee's voluntary disallowance cannot be computed under Rule 8D unless the Assessing Officer examines the accounts and records dissatisfaction with the assessee's claim. Closing-stock valuation requires fresh determination under section 145A after examining the accounting method and valuation discrepancies. Expenditure on guest houses and employee residential flats requires factual examination of its nature, supporting records and business nexus before a reasoned disallowance can be made.

Section 69A does not permit assessment of a carried-forward opening balance as current-year unexplained money where seized material shows no introduction of funds during the relevant year and no independent evidence establishes a current-year investment. Extracts drawn from seized FoxPro books already available to the Assessing Officer are not fresh evidence requiring compliance with Rule 46A. Further, loose-sheet entries recording alleged deposits do not constitute money, bullion, jewellery, or another valuable article whose ownership is required for section 69A. Consequently, the addition for the alleged unaccounted deposit was unsustainable.

Persistent inflation, elevated interest rates and rising public debt constrain economic growth policy. Tariffs and oil shortages are identified as contributing to inflationary pressures, while lower interest rates could increase money flows and worsen inflation. Tariffs, tax cuts, artificial intelligence productivity gains and anti-fraud measures are advanced as mechanisms to support growth, investment and domestic employment. Fiscal sustainability, however, cannot be achieved through growth alone where social security and healthcare costs exceed revenue growth; deficit reduction may require slower spending, spending reductions and tax increases.

HyperVault's proposed artificial-intelligence data-centre campus in Hyderabad is planned on 264 acres, with investment projected at up to Rs 70,000 crore and capacity of up to 1 GW. The campus is intended to provide high-density, liquid-cooled computing infrastructure for frontier AI companies and hyperscalers. Telangana's Chief Minister sought inauguration by June 2, 2028, while assuring required governmental sanctions and support. The project is estimated to create 7,000 jobs.

Alleged inflation of net-worth certificates is said to have induced approval and disbursal of two corporate loan facilities aggregating Rs 980 crore, each secured by continuing personal guarantees. The facilities subsequently defaulted. The FIR alleges that materially higher net-worth representations made in 2018 were later contradicted during insolvency proceedings, and attributes the lending to collusion among the guarantor, borrower entities and their officers. Allegations include cheating, creation of false documents, misappropriation and misapplication of loan funds, breach of trust, and asset stripping intended to frustrate recovery.

HyperVault plans to develop an artificial intelligence data-centre campus on 264 acres in Hyderabad, with capacity of up to 1 GW and investment by HyperVault and its partners of up to Rs 70,000 crore. The facility is intended to provide high-density, liquid-cooled computing infrastructure for frontier AI companies and hyperscalers. Development will proceed in phases according to customer demand and technology requirements, incorporating green-energy use and water-neutral design principles.

Temporary import of demonstration equipment and instruments for customer use raises import-tax, supply, and re-export considerations. IGST and applicable customs duties are payable at import unless a temporary-import exemption or bond-based arrangement applies. Providing equipment for consideration may constitute a taxable supply, while a free demonstration or loan without charge may not. On return export, customs drawback may be sought where no import exemption was available. Return export without consideration does not constitute a supply or qualify as a zero-rated supply.

State Tax Commissioner confers powers under sections 69, 70, 71, 73 and 74 of the Delhi Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 upon Sh. C.L. Roy, Assistant Commissioner, as Proper Officer for M/s Agson Global Pvt. Ltd. The taxpayer-specific conferment operates for 120 days from issuance or until further orders, whichever is earlier. During that period, the jurisdictional Proper Officer cannot exercise powers under those provisions in respect of the designated taxpayer.