Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

Section 245 of the Act relates to set off and withholding of refund in certain cases. The Finance Act, 2023 has integrated section 241A and section 245 (as they existed prior to their amendment) into a single provision of section 245 of the Act. Presently, section 245 of the Act empowers the Assessing Officer (AO) to adjust the refund (or a part of the refund) against any tax demand that is outstanding from the taxpayer. Further, where refund becomes due to a person but the assessment or reassessment proceeding is pending in his case, then, the Assessing Officer may, with the approval of the Principal Commissioner of Income-tax or Commissioner of Income-tax, withhold the refund till the date on which such assessment or reassessment is completed. Moreover, no additional interest on refund under section 244A of the Act is payable to the assessee for the period beginning from the date on which such refund is withheld and ending with the date on which assessment/reassessment is made.

2. Sub-section (2) of section 245 of the Act provides that where a part of the refund is set off under the provisions of sub-section (1), or where no such amount is set off, and refund becomes due to a person and the Assessing Officer having regard to the fact that proceedings for assessment or re-assessment are pending in the case of such person, is of the opinion that the grant of refund is likely to adversely affect the revenue, he may, for reasons to be recorded in writing and with the previous approval of the Principal Commissioner of Income-tax or Commissioner of Income-tax, withhold the refund up to the date on which such assessment or reassessment is made.

3. From the bare reading of the provision, it is seen that there are two requirements which the Assessing Officer is supposed to fulfill. One is that he should form opinion that the grant of refund is likely to adversely affect the revenue and the second is that he has to record the reasons in writing for withholding the refund. The second condition of recording of reasons takes care of the first condition as even if an opinion is formed, it has been expressed in terms of reasons recorded in writing. Thus, for the phrase “is of the opinion that the grant of refund is likely to adversely affect the revenue”, the phrase “he may, for reasons to be recorded in writing and with the previous approval of the Principal Commissioner of Income-tax or Commissioner of Income-tax” is proposed to be retained. Further, the period of withholding the refund ‘up to the date of assessment’ is inadequate as the demand itself becomes due after thirty days of the date of assessment. Hence, the period of withholding of the refund is proposed to be extended up to sixty days from the date on which such assessment or reassessment is made.

4. Consequential amendment is also required in section 244A of the Act to allow non-payment of additional interest up to the date till which such refund is withheld under the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 245 of the Act.

5. This amendment will take effect from the 1st day of October, 2024.

[Clause 72 & 73]

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Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024