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The Finance Bill removes income-tax exemption for specified allowances and perquisites previously granted to serving and retired UPSC Chairmen and members and to the Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners. Exemptions being withdrawn include rent-free residence, conveyance and transport allowances, sumptuary allowance, leave travel concession, post-retirement secretarial and telephone allowances, medical facilities and related service condition benefits, with the change to apply prospectively from the stated fiscal implementation point and to the subsequent assessment year.
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Domestic companies electing the concessional tax regime are barred from claiming any Chapter VI-A deductions except two specified exceptions: the employee-related wage deduction and the intercorporate dividend relief provision. This amendment takes effect from 1 April 2020 and applies to the assessment year beginning thereafter and subsequent assessment years, narrowing the deductions and incentives available to companies that opt for the special tax rate.
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Insertion of section 115BAC allows individuals and HUFs to opt into a concessional tax regime from assessment year 2021-22 under specified slab rates, subject to conditions: limited permitted allowances, broad disallowance of exemptions and deductions (including many section 10 exemptions, chapter VI-A deductions, and certain depreciation and loss set-offs), prescribed treatment of depreciation and transitional written-down value adjustment, prescribed exercise and withdrawal mechanics, and consequential exclusion from AMT and AMT credit carry-forward provisions.
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Concessional tax option for resident co-operative societies permits a reduced corporate rate subject to strict disallowances.
A new provision allows resident co-operative societies to opt for a concessional tax regime from the assessment year beginning 1 April 2021 where the society elects the option by the prescribed due date; the option is irrevocable and applies to subsequent years. Eligibility requires computing total income without specified deductions or incentives and without set-off of earlier losses or depreciation attributable to those disallowed items; such losses and depreciation are deemed given full effect and barred from future deduction, with prescribed written down value adjustments for unabsorbed depreciation. The regime attracts a 10 per cent surcharge and excludes applicability of Alternate Minimum Tax and related credit carryforward.
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Tax rate structure and withholding: optional new regimes affect salary TDS, advance tax and surcharge treatment.
Part III of the First Schedule prescribes slab-based TDS rates on salaries, advance tax computation rules and surcharge bands with marginal relief for individuals, HUFs, co-operative societies, firms, local authorities and companies; it retains distinct corporate rates tied to turnover, applies a health and education cess, and creates elective alternate tax regimes including optional taxation under section 115BAC for individuals/HUFs and section 115BAD for resident co-operative societies, which affect rate computation and surcharge treatment.
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Tax Deduction at Source: rates remain as prior year; new sections added and section 194 rate amended.
Tax deduction at source rates for non-salary incomes in FY 2020-21 remain as specified in the prior year schedule; section-specific deduction provisions persist. New sections 194K and 194O specify rates within those sections, and the rate under section 194 is revised to a rate stated in the Bill. Surcharge provisions apply to non-resident recipients by category and income bands, and Health and Education Cess continues to apply on income tax including surcharge.
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Surcharge tiers on income-tax established by taxpayer class and income bands; marginal relief and health and education cess apply.
The Bill prescribes tax rates for assessment year 2020-21 and establishes a multi-tier surcharge regime differentiated by taxpayer class and income bands, with specific caps on surcharge for income taxed under certain provisions. Marginal relief is provided to temper surcharge effects at thresholds. A Health and Education Cess is levied at a fixed rate on income tax inclusive of surcharge, with no marginal relief available for the cess.
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Judicial custody applied where investigative agency failed to demonstrate necessity for police or CBI custodial interrogation.
The magistrate refused the investigating agency's request for custodial interrogation, finding insufficient grounds for police/CBI custody and remanding the accused to judicial custody pending further production. The accused and co accused presented conflicting accounts-one alleging he had been investigating a larger fraud and that superiors failed to act-while defence counsel warned of administrative consequences arising from custody. The magistrate applied the requirement that custodial remand be justified by demonstrable investigative necessity rather than allegation alone.
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Rates for deduction of income-tax at source from salaries set and applied to advance tax and special-case assessments.
Part III of the First Schedule prescribes rates for deduction of income-tax at source from salaries and for computation of advance tax for the financial year 2019-20; those rates also apply to charging income-tax on current incomes in special assessment cases such as provisional assessment of non-resident shipping profits, assessments of persons leaving India, persons likely to transfer property to avoid tax, and short-duration bodies.
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Income-tax rates and surcharge rules set slab-based taxation with a graduated surcharge and limits on surcharge impact.
Slab-based income tax rates are prescribed for individuals, HUFs, AOPs, BOIs and artificial juridical persons with separate resident senior citizen slabs; computed tax is subject to a graduated surcharge for higher incomes, accompanied by a cap mechanism preventing the total tax-plus-surcharge on an income from exceeding the tax at the relevant bracket threshold by more than the excess income above that threshold.
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Tax rates for co-operative societies remain unchanged; a surcharge with a cap applies to high income societies.
Rates of income-tax for co-operative societies remain as specified in Paragraph B of Part III of the First Schedule to the Finance Bill, unchanged from the prior year. A surcharge applies to the income-tax of societies exceeding a high-income threshold, subject to a cap that prevents total tax and surcharge from exceeding the tax at the threshold by more than the excess income.
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Firm tax rate unchanged; surcharge applies to high income firms with a statutory cap limiting surcharge on excess income.
Rate of tax for firms for TDS and advance tax remains unchanged from the prior year; a surcharge of twelve per cent is levied where a firm's total income exceeds one crore rupees, subject to a cap that limits the aggregate income tax and surcharge on income above the threshold to not exceed the tax on the threshold amount by more than the excess income.
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Surcharge on local authority income applies above a threshold, with a statutory cap limiting aggregate tax increase.
The income-tax rate for local authorities is maintained at the prior year's level for purposes of TDS and advance tax; a statutory surcharge is levied where total income exceeds a prescribed threshold. A statutory cap limits the combined income-tax and surcharge so that the aggregate tax on income above the threshold does not exceed the income-tax payable as if income equalled the threshold by more than the excess income.
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Corporate tax rate revised, varying by domestic status; surcharge and health and education cess apply.
Income tax rates for companies distinguish domestic and other companies, with domestic companies below a specified turnover threshold subject to a lower rate and others taxed at a higher rate. Surcharge is levied in graded bands for domestic and non domestic companies, with marginal relief caps limiting excess tax attributable to incomes above prescribed thresholds. Certain specified company cases attract a prescribed surcharge rate. A Health and Education Cess is levied on tax including surcharge, and marginal relief is not available in respect of that cess.
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TDS on individual and HUF payments to contractors and professionals: new withholding applies above threshold; PAN may be used instead of TAN.
Section 194M imposes withholding on payments by individuals and Hindu undivided families to resident contractors and professionals where the aggregate annual payments exceed the statutory threshold; tax is to be deducted at the prescribed withholding rate and may be deposited using the payer's Permanent Account Number, relieving such payers from the requirement to obtain a Tax Deduction Account Number.
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TDS on transfer of immovable property now covers ancillary charges, expanding 'consideration' to include fees incidental to sale.
The Explanation to Section 194-IA is amended to state that consideration for immovable property includes ancillary charges payable by the buyer-such as club membership, car parking, electricity and water facility fees, maintenance fees, advance fees and other similar incidental charges-thereby making these amounts part of the taxable base for TDS on transfer of immovable property other than agricultural land.
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Deemed accrual of gifts: transfers by Indian residents to nonresidents treated as taxable in India under new provision.
Gifts of money or property made by a person resident in India to a person outside India, where the property is situated in India or sums are paid, are deemed to accrue or arise in India for tax purposes when made on or after 5 July 2019; existing statutory gift exemptions continue to apply and applicable DTAA provisions remain operative. The amendment takes effect from 1 April 2020 and applies to assessment year 2020-21 onward.
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Mandatory return filing for high-value transactions expands to include transaction and rollover-based filing triggers.
Amendments mandate filing of income tax returns by individuals who, during the previous year, undertake specified high-value transactions-including large current account deposits, significant foreign travel expenditure, or substantial electricity consumption-or meet other prescribed conditions; and require persons claiming capital gains rollover exemptions on reinvestment in specified assets to file returns when their pre-rollover total income exceeded the basic exemption limit, even if post-claim income is below that limit.
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Inter-changeability of PAN and Aadhaar: Aadhaar may be quoted in lieu of PAN and recipients must ensure authentication.
Proposed amendments allow a person required to quote PAN to furnish an Aadhaar number in lieu of PAN and provide that persons entering certain prescribed transactions who lack a PAN must apply for one; recipients of documents must ensure PAN or Aadhaar is duly quoted and authenticated, and a penalty provision is amended to enforce compliance.
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PAN-Aadhaar linkage: failure to intimate Aadhaar renders PAN inoperative while preserving prior transactions under proposed amendment.
Failure to intimate Aadhaar will result in the PAN being made inoperative in the prescribed manner rather than being deemed invalid, with an express provision preserving the validity of transactions previously carried out through that PAN; the amendment is prospective and will take effect from the notified effective date.

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AMENDMENTS TO DUTY RATES IN FIRST SCHEDULE TO THE CUSTOMS TARIFF ACT, 1975

1 February, 2025

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Union Budget 2025-26 (Full) + Finance Bill, 2025

III. AMENDMENTS TO DUTY RATES IN FIRST SCHEDULE TO THE CUSTOMS TARIFF ACT, 1975

A.

Increase in Tariff rate (to be effective from 02.02.2025) * [Clause 98 (a) of the Finance Bill, 2025] *Will come into effect immediately through a declaration under the Provisional Collection of Taxes Act, 2023

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Tariff item

Commodity

From

To

 

 

Textile

 

 

1.

6004 10 00

6004 90 00

6006 22 00

6006 31 00

6006 32 00

6006 33 00

6006 34 00

6006 42 00

6006 90 00

Knitted Fabrics

20%/10%

20% or Rs115/kg,

whichever is

higher

 

 

IT & Electronics sector

 

 

2.

8528 59 00

Interactive Flat Panel Displays (Completely Built Units)

10%

20%

B.

Decrease in Tariff rate (to be effective from 01.05.2025 unless otherwise specified) * [Clause 98 (b) of the Finance Bill, 2025] Note: These changes will be effective from 2nd

February, 2025 by issuance of notification.

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Heading, subheading,

tariff

item

Commodity

From

To

1.

25151100

2515 12

Marble and travertine, crude or roughly trimmed, merely cut into blocks, slabs and other

40%

20%

2

2516 11 00

2516 12 00

Granite, crude or roughly trimmed,

merely cut into blocks, slabs and

other

40%

20%

3.

2933 59

Other compounds containing a pyrimidine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) or piperazine ring in the structure

10%

7.5%

4.

3302 10

Synthetic flavouring essences and

mixtures of odoriferous substances

of a kind used in food and drink

industries

100%

20%

5.

3406

Candles, tapers and the like

25%

20%

6

3822 90

Reference Materials

30%

10%

7

3824 60

Sorbitol other than that of subheading

2905 44

30%

20%

8

3920

Other, plates, sheets, films, foil and

strip, of plastics, non-cellular and

not reinforced, laminated,

supported or similarly combined

with other materials

25%

20%

9.

3921

Other plates, sheet, film, foil and strip of plastics

25%

20%

10.

6401

Waterproof Footwear with outer soles and Uppers of Rubber or of plastics, the uppers of which are neither fixed to the sole nor assembled by stitching, riveting, nailing, screwing, plugging or similar processes

35%

20%

11.

6402

Other footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics

35%

20%

12.

6403

Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics, leather or composition leather and uppers of leather

35%

20%

13.

6404

Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics, leather or composition leather and uppers of textile materials

35%

20%

14.

6405

Other Footwear

35%

20%

15.

6802 10 00

6802 21 10

6802 21 20

6802 21 90

6802 23 10

6802 23 90

6802 29 00

6802 91 00

6802 92 00

6802 93 00

Worked monumental or building stone

40%

20%

16.

7113

Articles of Jewellery and parts thereof

25%

20%

17.

7114

Articles of goldsmiths’ and silversmiths’ ware’s and parts thereof

25%

20%

18.

7404 00 12 7404 00 19

7404 00 22

Copper Waste and Scrap

2.5%

Nil

19.

8002

Tin Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

20.

8101 97 00

Tungsten Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

21.

8102 97 00

Molybdenum Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

22.

8103 30 00

Tantalum Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

23.

8105 30 00

Cobalt Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

24.

8106 90 10

Waste and Scrap of Bismuth and Bismuth alloys

5%

Nil

25.

8109 31 00, 8109 39 00

Zirconium Waste and Scrap

10%

Nil

26.

8110 20 00

Antimony Waste and Scrap

2.5%

Nil

27.

8112 13 00

Beryllium Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

28.

8112 41 20

Rhenium Waste and Scrap

10%

Nil

29.

8112 61 00

Cadmium Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

30.

8541 42 00

Solar Cells

25%

20%

31.

8541 43 00  8541 49 00

Solar Module and Other semiconductor devices and photovoltaic cells

40%

20%

32.

8702

Motor vehicles for transport of 10 or more persons

40%

20%

33.

8703

Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than those of heading 8702)

125%

70%

34.

8704

Motor vehicles for transport of goods

40%

20%

35.

8711

Motorcycles and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor with or without side-car

100%

70%

36.

8712 00 10

Bicycles

35%

20%

37.

8903

Yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports; rowing boats and canoes

25%

20%

38.

9028 30 10

Electricity meters for alternating current (Smart meter)

25%

20%

39.

9401

Seats (other than those of headings 9402), whether or not convertible into beds, and parts thereof

25%

20%

40.

9403

Other furniture and parts thereof

25%

20%

41.

9404

Mattress supports, articles of bedding and similar furnishing etc.

25%

20%

42.

9405

Luminaries and lighting fittings including searchlights and spotlights and parts thereof etc.

25%

20%

43.

9503 00 91

Parts of electronic toys

70%

20%

44.

9802 00 00

Laboratory Chemicals

150%

70%

45.

9803 00 00

All dutiable articles, imported by a passenger or a member of a crew in his baggage

100%

70%

46.

9804 00 00

All dutiable goods imported for personal use.

35%

20%

C.

Tariff rate changes (without change in existing effective rate of duty) to be effective from 01.05.2025 unless otherwise specified [Clause 98 (b) of the Finance Bill, 2025]

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Heading, sub- heading tariff item

Commodity

From

To

1.

1520 00 00

Glycerol Crude, glycerol waters, glycerol lye

30%

20%

2.

2603 00 00

Copper Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

3.

2605 00 00

Cobalt Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

4.

2609 00 00

Tin Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

5.

2611 00 00

Tungsten Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

6.

2613 00 00

Molybdenum Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

7.

2615 10 00

Zirconium Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

8.

2615 90 10

Vanadium Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

9.

2615 90 20

Niobium or Tantalum Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

10.

2617 10 00

Antimony Ores and Concentrates

2.5%

Nil

11.

2711 12 00

Liquefied Propane

15%

2.5%

12.

2711 13 00

Liquefied Butane

15%

2.5%

13.

27 11 19 10

LPG (for non-automotive purpose)

15%

5%

14.

2711 19 20

LPG (for automotive purpose)

15%

5%

15.

2711 19 90

Other liquified petroleum gas

15%

5%

16.

2809 20 10

Phosphoric Acid

20%

7.5%

17.

2810 00 20

Boric Acid

27.5%

7.5%

18.

3824 99 00

Other – Prepared Binders, chemical products and preparations of chemical or allied industries

17.5%

7.5%

19.

7210 12 10

OTS/MR type-flat rolled products of thickness less than 0.5 mm

27.5%

15%

20.

7210 12 90

Other flat rolled products of thickness less than 0.5 mm

27.5%

15%

21.

7219 12 00

Hot-rolled products in coils of thickness greater than or equal to 4.75 mm, but not exceeding 10 mm

22.5%

15%

22.

7219 13 00

Hot-rolled products in coils of thickness greater than or equal to 3 mm but less than 4.75 mm

22.5%

15%

23.

7219 21 90

Flat rolled products of stainless steel of width 600 mm or more - Other nickel chromium austenitic type

22.5%

15%

24.

7219 90 90

Flat rolled products of stainless steel of width 600 mm or more - Other sheets and plates

22.5%

15%

25.

7225 11 00

Flat-rolled products of other alloy steel - grain oriented, silicon electrical steel

20%

15%

26.

7307 29 00

Other tube or pipe fittings of stainless steel

25%

15%

27.

7307 99 90

Other fittings of iron or steel, non- galvanised

25%

15%

28.

7308 90 90

Other structure and parts of structures of iron and steel

25%

15%

29.

7310 29 90

Others-tanks and drums etc.

25%

15%

30.

7318 15 00

Other screws and bolts whether or with nuts or washers

25%

15%

31.

7318 16 00

Threaded nuts

25%

15%

32.

7318 29 90

Other non-threaded articles

25%

15%

33.

7320 90 90

Other springs and leaves of iron/steel

25%

15%

34.

7325 99 99

Other cast articles of iron or steel

25%

15%

35.

7326 19 90

Others - forged or stamped articles of iron or steel but not further worked

25%

15%

36.

7326 90 99

Miscellaneous other articles of iron/steel

25%

15%

37.

8001

Unwrought Tin

5%

Nil

38.

8101 94 00

Unwrought tungsten, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

5%

Nil

39.

8102 94 00

Unwrought molybdenum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

5%

Nil

40.

8103 20

Unwrought tantalum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, powders

5%

Nil

41.

8105 20 20

Cobalt, unwrought

5%

Nil

42.

8106 10 10

Bismuth, unwrought

5%

Nil

43.

8109 21 00

Unwrought zirconium, powders, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight

10%

Nil

44.

8110 10 00

Unwrought antimony, powders

2.5%

Nil

45.

8112 12 00

Beryllium unwrought, powders

5%

Nil

46.

8112 31

Hafnium unwrought, waste and scrap, powders

10%

Nil

47.

8112 41 10

Rhenium unwrought

10%

Nil

48.

8112 69 10

Cadmium unwrought, Powders

5%

Nil

49.

8112 69 20

Cadmium, wrought

5%

Nil

 


Full Text:

Union Budget 2025-26 (Full) + Finance Bill, 2025

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Acts Income Tax