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Business reorganisation obligations require successors to file modified returns and compel Assessing Officers to align assessments with reorganisation orders.
Section 170A requires successor companies affected by a business reorganisation to furnish a modified return in prescribed form and manner limited to the reorganisation order, enabling modification of predecessor returns. The Assessing Officer must, on receipt, modify completed assessments or assess/reassess pending proceedings in accordance with the reorganisation order and the modified return, with all other Act provisions applying and tax charged at the rate applicable to the relevant assessment year.
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Search and seizure powers expanded to allow Board approved external experts and registered valuers to assist with valuation and data forensics.
Amendments permit authorised officers during searches to requisition Board approved persons or entities, including digital forensic experts and registered valuers, to assist with search, valuation and data analysis, and require such valuers to submit prescribed fair market value reports to the authorised officer or Assessing Officer within the stipulated timeline; the law also defines execution of the last authorisation to link assessment timelines to the close of search proceedings.
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Appeals to Appellate Tribunal broadened to include penalties by Commissioner (Appeals) and revision orders by senior commissioners.
The amendment expressly permits appeals to the Appellate Tribunal against penalty orders imposed by Commissioner (Appeals) under recent penalty provisions, and permits appeals against revision orders by senior commissioners and related rectifications. It also broadens the right to file a memorandum of cross-objections so respondents may file cross-objections in all cases that may be appealed to the Appellate Tribunal, correcting the previous limitation to appeals originating only from Commissioner (Appeals).
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Timeframe for transfer pricing document production shortened; limited extension remains to manage TP proceeding timelines.
The amendment reduces the period to furnish transfer pricing information or documents to ten days from the date of a notice, with an available extension on application by the taxpayer not to exceed an additional thirty days; the Assessing Officer or the Commissioner (Appeals) may require such production in proceedings concerning international transactions or specified domestic transactions. The change is aimed at streamlining timelines for examination of submitted material and takes effect from 1st April, 2023.
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Joint Commissioner (Appeals) authority created to hear specified first appeals with transfer, rehearing and scheme-based procedural powers.
Introduction of a Joint Commissioner (Appeals) as a first appellate authority for specified orders of Assessing Officers below Joint Commissioner rank, vested with powers similar to Commissioner (Appeals). The proposal lists appealable orders (assessment, reassessment, withholding/collection intimations, penalty and rectification amendments), permits transfers of pending appeals between Commissioner (Appeals) and Joint Commissioner (Appeals) with rehearing rights, allows the Government to notify a Scheme to streamline procedures and remove direct interface technologically, and empowers the Board to exclude cases or classes; consequential definitional amendments align the new office.
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Extension of time for settlement procedures to allow interim boards more time to dispose rectification applications.
The Finance Act, 2021 abolished the Settlement Commission retrospectively from 01.02.2021 and authorized Interim Boards for Settlement to handle pending applications; clause (iv) of sub section (9) of section 245D excluded the period from 01.02.2021 until constitution of the IBS from time limit computation and assured a minimum remaining period, and the Finance Bill, 2023 proposes substituting that clause to extend specified expiring time limits to 30.09.2023 with retrospective effect from 01.02.2021 to allow IBS additional time for disposing rectification and amendment applications.
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Cost of acquisition deemed nil for certain intangible assets, altering capital gains computation and taxability.
Amendment treats the cost of acquisition and cost of improvement of capital assets that are intangible assets or other rights for which no consideration was paid as Nil for computing capital gains, clarifying that assets not covered by existing enumerated provisions shall have no cost basis, and thereby resolving judicial uncertainty about taxability of gains on such transfers. The amendment applies prospectively from the Bill's stated effective date and to subsequent assessment years.
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Prevention of double deduction: interest claimed under house property or chapter VIA excluded from cost of acquisition for capital gains.
The Finance Bill proposes a proviso to section 48 that the cost of acquisition or cost of improvement shall exclude any interest amount claimed as a deduction under section 24 or under Chapter VIA, to prevent double deduction when computing capital gains.
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Capital gains computation for joint development agreements clarified to include consideration received by any mode, aligning with TDS rules.
Amendment clarifies that for capital gains under section 45(5A) on transfers under joint development agreements, the full value of consideration equals the stamp duty value of the assessee's share increased by any consideration received in cash, by cheque or draft, or by any other mode, aligning the computation with the TDS treatment under section 194-IC and addressing taxpayer misinterpretation.
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Taxation of high-premium life insurance policies: exempt on death, otherwise taxable under other sources with premium deduction available.
Policies other than unit linked insurance policies issued on or after 1 April 2023 will lose exemption under clause (10D) if premium payable in any previous year during the policy term exceeds the prescribed threshold; death receipts remain exempt. For multiple policies issued on or after that date, exemption applies only where the aggregate premium does not exceed that threshold in any year. Non-exempt sums (including bonuses) will be taxable under the head "Income from Other Sources" with computation rules and a deduction for premium allowed only if not earlier claimed.
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Inventory valuation can be directed to a cost accountant, with mandated report, government-paid expenses, and hearing rights preserved.
Tax authorities may direct an assessee to obtain inventory valuation by a cost accountant nominated by the senior commissioner; the assessee must furnish a prescribed signed valuation report. Valuation expenses and incidental costs, including the cost accountant's remuneration, will be determined by the senior commissioner under prescribed guidelines and paid by the Central Government. Except for assessments under section 144, the assessee must be given an opportunity to be heard on material derived from such valuation. Consequentially, the valuation period is excluded from limitation computations and rules may prescribe the report form and particulars.
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Taxation of Market Linked Debentures reclassified as short-term capital gains taxed at applicable rates under new provision.
The proposal inserts a new provision treating gains on transfer, redemption or maturity of Market Linked Debentures as short-term capital gains taxable at applicable rates by treating the full consideration received, reduced by cost of acquisition and transfer-related expenditure, as capital gains from a short-term capital asset; it also defines Market Linked Debentures as debt-principal securities with returns linked to market returns or so classified by the market regulator and makes the change prospective.
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Limit on rollover benefit under sections 54 and 54F restricts excessive deductions for high-value residential purchases.
The Finance Bill proposes a deemed cost cap so that where the cost of a new residential asset exceeds ten crore rupees, the cost for computing the deduction under the rollover relief provisions will be treated as ten crore rupees, limiting the maximum deduction. A proviso confines the Capital Gains Account Scheme deposit provision to capital gains or net consideration up to that cap. The amendments are prospective, effective 1 April 2024 and applicable to the assessment year 2024 25 and thereafter.
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TCS increase on foreign remittances: higher withholding expands coverage and raises compliance burden for remitters.
Increase in the rate of TCS is proposed by amending sub section (1G) of section 206C to raise withholding on certain foreign remittances and sales of overseas tour packages; education and medical remittances retain prior treatment under specified conditions, while tour packages and other remittances become subject to higher rate without threshold, effective from the stated date in the Finance Bill.
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TDS on online game winnings restructured: withholding on net account winnings and withdrawals under new targeted provisions.
Amendments require TDS on winnings to be applied to amounts or aggregates exceeding the threshold in a financial year; section 194B is expanded to include gambling and excludes online games from 1 July 2023. A new section 194BA mandates TDS on net winnings in user accounts at year-end and on withdrawals, with prescribed computation and payer obligations where winnings are in kind. Administrative guidelines may be issued to resolve implementation issues. Definitions for computer resource, internet, online game, online gaming intermediary, user and user account are prescribed. Section 115BB is amended to exclude online-game winnings and a new section 115BBJ establishes a separate tax computation for net winnings from online games integrated into overall tax liability.
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Presumptive taxation restrictions: bar on set off of carried forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation when presumptive profits are declared.
The Bill proposes that where an assessee declares profits under the presumptive taxation scheme for specified non resident activities, no set off of unabsorbed depreciation or brought forward business loss shall be allowed for that previous year, notwithstanding the general set off and carry forward provisions; the amendment is prospective and will apply from the notified effective date.
News Bills
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TDS exemption removal on interest requires withholding for payments on listed dematerialized debentures to resident holders.
The Finance Bill proposes deletion of the proviso clause that exempted TDS on interest paid to resident holders of listed dematerialized debentures, thereby requiring tax deduction at source on interest payments to such resident holders; the amendment addresses under-reporting of interest income and takes effect from 1 April, 2023.
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Taxation of business trust distributions: non-characterised payouts to unit holders treated as taxable income from other sources.
Proposed amendments tax sums received by unit holders from business trusts that are not interest, dividend or rental receipts and not chargeable under the pass-through provisions by treating them as income from other sources. Where sums represent redemption of units, the receipt is reduced by the cost of acquisition to the extent of the amount received. Amendments also exclude such sums from the trust pass-through subsections and expand the definition of income to include them, with prospective application.
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Tax exemption for notified news agencies withdrawn, ending clause-based relief and effective from the assessment year starting April 2024.
The finance bill withdraws the tax exemption available to notified news agencies under clause (22B) of section 10 by inserting a proviso excluding any income of such agencies for the previous year relevant to the assessment year beginning on or after 1 April 2024; the amendment takes effect from 1 April 2024 and applies to assessment year 2024-25 and subsequent years.
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Deeming provision for gifts extended to not ordinarily residents, bringing certain inbound gifts within the Indian tax net.
Clause (viii) of sub section (1) of section 9 is proposed to be amended to extend the deeming rule so that sums received without consideration by a not ordinarily resident from a person resident in India are treated as income deemed to accrue or arise in India; the change is intended as an anti abuse measure to capture gifts not presently within the scope of the existing deeming provision and will apply prospectively to specified assessment years.

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AMENDMENTS TO DUTY RATES IN FIRST SCHEDULE TO THE CUSTOMS TARIFF ACT, 1975

1 February, 2025

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Union Budget 2025-26 (Full) + Finance Bill, 2025

III. AMENDMENTS TO DUTY RATES IN FIRST SCHEDULE TO THE CUSTOMS TARIFF ACT, 1975

A.

Increase in Tariff rate (to be effective from 02.02.2025) * [Clause 98 (a) of the Finance Bill, 2025] *Will come into effect immediately through a declaration under the Provisional Collection of Taxes Act, 2023

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Tariff item

Commodity

From

To

 

 

Textile

 

 

1.

6004 10 00

6004 90 00

6006 22 00

6006 31 00

6006 32 00

6006 33 00

6006 34 00

6006 42 00

6006 90 00

Knitted Fabrics

20%/10%

20% or Rs115/kg,

whichever is

higher

 

 

IT & Electronics sector

 

 

2.

8528 59 00

Interactive Flat Panel Displays (Completely Built Units)

10%

20%

B.

Decrease in Tariff rate (to be effective from 01.05.2025 unless otherwise specified) * [Clause 98 (b) of the Finance Bill, 2025] Note: These changes will be effective from 2nd

February, 2025 by issuance of notification.

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Heading, subheading,

tariff

item

Commodity

From

To

1.

25151100

2515 12

Marble and travertine, crude or roughly trimmed, merely cut into blocks, slabs and other

40%

20%

2

2516 11 00

2516 12 00

Granite, crude or roughly trimmed,

merely cut into blocks, slabs and

other

40%

20%

3.

2933 59

Other compounds containing a pyrimidine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) or piperazine ring in the structure

10%

7.5%

4.

3302 10

Synthetic flavouring essences and

mixtures of odoriferous substances

of a kind used in food and drink

industries

100%

20%

5.

3406

Candles, tapers and the like

25%

20%

6

3822 90

Reference Materials

30%

10%

7

3824 60

Sorbitol other than that of subheading

2905 44

30%

20%

8

3920

Other, plates, sheets, films, foil and

strip, of plastics, non-cellular and

not reinforced, laminated,

supported or similarly combined

with other materials

25%

20%

9.

3921

Other plates, sheet, film, foil and strip of plastics

25%

20%

10.

6401

Waterproof Footwear with outer soles and Uppers of Rubber or of plastics, the uppers of which are neither fixed to the sole nor assembled by stitching, riveting, nailing, screwing, plugging or similar processes

35%

20%

11.

6402

Other footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics

35%

20%

12.

6403

Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics, leather or composition leather and uppers of leather

35%

20%

13.

6404

Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics, leather or composition leather and uppers of textile materials

35%

20%

14.

6405

Other Footwear

35%

20%

15.

6802 10 00

6802 21 10

6802 21 20

6802 21 90

6802 23 10

6802 23 90

6802 29 00

6802 91 00

6802 92 00

6802 93 00

Worked monumental or building stone

40%

20%

16.

7113

Articles of Jewellery and parts thereof

25%

20%

17.

7114

Articles of goldsmiths’ and silversmiths’ ware’s and parts thereof

25%

20%

18.

7404 00 12 7404 00 19

7404 00 22

Copper Waste and Scrap

2.5%

Nil

19.

8002

Tin Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

20.

8101 97 00

Tungsten Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

21.

8102 97 00

Molybdenum Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

22.

8103 30 00

Tantalum Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

23.

8105 30 00

Cobalt Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

24.

8106 90 10

Waste and Scrap of Bismuth and Bismuth alloys

5%

Nil

25.

8109 31 00, 8109 39 00

Zirconium Waste and Scrap

10%

Nil

26.

8110 20 00

Antimony Waste and Scrap

2.5%

Nil

27.

8112 13 00

Beryllium Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

28.

8112 41 20

Rhenium Waste and Scrap

10%

Nil

29.

8112 61 00

Cadmium Waste and Scrap

5%

Nil

30.

8541 42 00

Solar Cells

25%

20%

31.

8541 43 00  8541 49 00

Solar Module and Other semiconductor devices and photovoltaic cells

40%

20%

32.

8702

Motor vehicles for transport of 10 or more persons

40%

20%

33.

8703

Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than those of heading 8702)

125%

70%

34.

8704

Motor vehicles for transport of goods

40%

20%

35.

8711

Motorcycles and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor with or without side-car

100%

70%

36.

8712 00 10

Bicycles

35%

20%

37.

8903

Yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports; rowing boats and canoes

25%

20%

38.

9028 30 10

Electricity meters for alternating current (Smart meter)

25%

20%

39.

9401

Seats (other than those of headings 9402), whether or not convertible into beds, and parts thereof

25%

20%

40.

9403

Other furniture and parts thereof

25%

20%

41.

9404

Mattress supports, articles of bedding and similar furnishing etc.

25%

20%

42.

9405

Luminaries and lighting fittings including searchlights and spotlights and parts thereof etc.

25%

20%

43.

9503 00 91

Parts of electronic toys

70%

20%

44.

9802 00 00

Laboratory Chemicals

150%

70%

45.

9803 00 00

All dutiable articles, imported by a passenger or a member of a crew in his baggage

100%

70%

46.

9804 00 00

All dutiable goods imported for personal use.

35%

20%

C.

Tariff rate changes (without change in existing effective rate of duty) to be effective from 01.05.2025 unless otherwise specified [Clause 98 (b) of the Finance Bill, 2025]

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Heading, sub- heading tariff item

Commodity

From

To

1.

1520 00 00

Glycerol Crude, glycerol waters, glycerol lye

30%

20%

2.

2603 00 00

Copper Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

3.

2605 00 00

Cobalt Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

4.

2609 00 00

Tin Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

5.

2611 00 00

Tungsten Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

6.

2613 00 00

Molybdenum Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

7.

2615 10 00

Zirconium Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

8.

2615 90 10

Vanadium Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

9.

2615 90 20

Niobium or Tantalum Ores and concentrates

2.5%

Nil

10.

2617 10 00

Antimony Ores and Concentrates

2.5%

Nil

11.

2711 12 00

Liquefied Propane

15%

2.5%

12.

2711 13 00

Liquefied Butane

15%

2.5%

13.

27 11 19 10

LPG (for non-automotive purpose)

15%

5%

14.

2711 19 20

LPG (for automotive purpose)

15%

5%

15.

2711 19 90

Other liquified petroleum gas

15%

5%

16.

2809 20 10

Phosphoric Acid

20%

7.5%

17.

2810 00 20

Boric Acid

27.5%

7.5%

18.

3824 99 00

Other – Prepared Binders, chemical products and preparations of chemical or allied industries

17.5%

7.5%

19.

7210 12 10

OTS/MR type-flat rolled products of thickness less than 0.5 mm

27.5%

15%

20.

7210 12 90

Other flat rolled products of thickness less than 0.5 mm

27.5%

15%

21.

7219 12 00

Hot-rolled products in coils of thickness greater than or equal to 4.75 mm, but not exceeding 10 mm

22.5%

15%

22.

7219 13 00

Hot-rolled products in coils of thickness greater than or equal to 3 mm but less than 4.75 mm

22.5%

15%

23.

7219 21 90

Flat rolled products of stainless steel of width 600 mm or more - Other nickel chromium austenitic type

22.5%

15%

24.

7219 90 90

Flat rolled products of stainless steel of width 600 mm or more - Other sheets and plates

22.5%

15%

25.

7225 11 00

Flat-rolled products of other alloy steel - grain oriented, silicon electrical steel

20%

15%

26.

7307 29 00

Other tube or pipe fittings of stainless steel

25%

15%

27.

7307 99 90

Other fittings of iron or steel, non- galvanised

25%

15%

28.

7308 90 90

Other structure and parts of structures of iron and steel

25%

15%

29.

7310 29 90

Others-tanks and drums etc.

25%

15%

30.

7318 15 00

Other screws and bolts whether or with nuts or washers

25%

15%

31.

7318 16 00

Threaded nuts

25%

15%

32.

7318 29 90

Other non-threaded articles

25%

15%

33.

7320 90 90

Other springs and leaves of iron/steel

25%

15%

34.

7325 99 99

Other cast articles of iron or steel

25%

15%

35.

7326 19 90

Others - forged or stamped articles of iron or steel but not further worked

25%

15%

36.

7326 90 99

Miscellaneous other articles of iron/steel

25%

15%

37.

8001

Unwrought Tin

5%

Nil

38.

8101 94 00

Unwrought tungsten, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

5%

Nil

39.

8102 94 00

Unwrought molybdenum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

5%

Nil

40.

8103 20

Unwrought tantalum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, powders

5%

Nil

41.

8105 20 20

Cobalt, unwrought

5%

Nil

42.

8106 10 10

Bismuth, unwrought

5%

Nil

43.

8109 21 00

Unwrought zirconium, powders, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight

10%

Nil

44.

8110 10 00

Unwrought antimony, powders

2.5%

Nil

45.

8112 12 00

Beryllium unwrought, powders

5%

Nil

46.

8112 31

Hafnium unwrought, waste and scrap, powders

10%

Nil

47.

8112 41 10

Rhenium unwrought

10%

Nil

48.

8112 69 10

Cadmium unwrought, Powders

5%

Nil

49.

8112 69 20

Cadmium, wrought

5%

Nil

 


Full Text:

Union Budget 2025-26 (Full) + Finance Bill, 2025

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Acts Income Tax