‘Or’, ‘may’ and ‘And’

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....only where the intention of the legislature is manifest. Justice G.P. Singh in the Principles of Statutory Interpretation (Thirteenth Edition 2012) page 485 has stated as follows: "The word 'or' is normally disjunctive and 'and' is normally conjunctive but at time they are read as vice versa to give effect to the manifest intention of the Legislature as disclosed from the context. As stated by....

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....r. Conversely if reading of 'and' and 'or' produces grammatical distortion and makes no sense of the portion following 'and', 'or' cannot be read in place of 'and'. The alternatives joined by 'or' need not always be mutually exclusive." [CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES & ANR. VERSUS BIKARTAN DAS & ORS. - 2023 (8) TMI 1425 - SUPREME COURT] The word 'and' is normally used in the ....

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....and", all the possibilities may be, but need not be, included: (a) or (b) or both; (a) or (b) or (c), or any two, or all three. In other words, the joint and several "and" is equivalent to "and/or"….. Which meaning is appropriate depends on the context. When "and" is used before the final item in a list of powers, for example, it is joint and several : To carry out the purposes of this Ac....