1954 (3) TMI 72

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...., 1944. In 1936 the company bought a second hand sugar manufacturing machine from Java. After working the machinery for two years the company resolved to sell the machinery. On 30th of August, 1938, a contract was executed between the company and Lakshmi Sugar Mills. It was agreed that the machinery would be sold for a sum of Rs. 5,15,000 and that half of the amount will be paid by 31st of March, 1939, and the other half will be paid in equal instalments on 31st of March, 1940, and on 31st of March, 1941. There was a clause in the contract that these two instalments would carry interest at the rate of 5 per cent. Lakshmiji Sugar Mills also agreed that for these two instalments they would furnish a guarantee or execute a mortgage bond. On 31....

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....ssee's business. An appeal was taken on behalf of the assessee before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner who allowed the appeal holding that the amount of Rs. 33,343 should be allowed as a bad debt for the purpose of assessment of income- tax. The Income-tax Department preferred an appeal to the Income- tax Appellate Tribunal who set aside the order of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and held that the assessee was not entitled to any deduction under Section 10(2)(xi) of the Act. The reason given by the Appellate Tribunal was that the transaction of the sale of machinery was not a transaction of the assessee in carrying on his trade but was in the character of an investment. In this state of fact the Income-tax Appellate Tribun....

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....on of Rs. 33,343 should be treated as a bad and doubtful debt due to the assessee in respect of a portion of his business. In my opinion the argument of Mr. Dutt must be accepted as valid. The assessee had purchased sugar manufacturing machinery in 1936 from Java in order to increase its business capacity and to make more profits. The machinery was used for two years and in 1938 the assessee decided to sell the machinery to Lakshmiji Sugar Mills. The reason which induced the assessee to sell the machinery was that Government had introduced zoning system in Muzaffarpore and there was no prospect of obtaining adequate sugar-cane in the area. It was for this reason that the assessee decided to sell the Java machinery. In my opinion the circums....

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....agents, trustees, or otherwise, and either alone or in conjunction with others and by or through agents, subcontractors, trustees or otherwise, all such other things as may appear to be incidental or conducive to the attainment of the above objects or any of them, and so that the various objects shall be regarded as independent and in no wise restricted by reference to the name of the company or to the business or objects contained in any other paragraph." In my opinion the sale of the Java machinery is a proper trading transaction which is expressly authorised by articles 3(1), 3(12), 3(16) and 3(20) of the memorandum of association. It is of course true that every transaction which is covered by the memorandum of association of the compan....

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....ercial loss and the assessee is entitled to a deduction of this amount under Section 10(2)(xi) of the Income-tax Act. This view is borne out by a decision of the English Court in Commissioners of Inland Revenue v. Dale Steamship Co. Ltd. [1921] 12 Tax Cas. 181. In that case the assessee company was formed, inter alia, (a) to acquire steamships and other vessels, (b) to build, charter, let out on hire and trade with ships, (c) to carry on business as ship-owners, merchants, etc., and (d) to invest and deal with the moneys of the company not immediately required as might from time to time be determined. The company at the outbreak of the war owned and traded with five ships. Of these one was detained by the enemy at Hamburg, one was sold, ....

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....Penkar v. Commissioner of Income-tax [1948] 16 I.T.R. 183. But that case is not of much assistance to the Income-tax Department. In that case the assessee had mortgaged certain properties with one Dharkar for a sum of Rs. 17,500. The interest payable to Dharkar was allowed as an admissible item of expenditure under Section 10(2)(iii) of the Act in computing the assessee's income from business. No interest was actually paid to Dharkar but he assessee had kept his accounts on mercantile basis and for this reason deduction was allowed by the Income-tax authorities under Section 10(2)(iii) of the Act. In the year of account the total sum due to Dharkar was found to be Rs. 29,059 and odd and the assessee compromised the matter with Dharkar w....