Exchange of tax information allows authorities to request relevant taxpayer data cross-border subject to confidentiality and legal safeguards. The Agreement requires competent authorities of India and Macao to exchange information foreseeably relevant to the administration, assessment, collection and enforcement of taxes, obliging requested Parties to use available information gathering measures-including bank and beneficial ownership records-to comply with requests, subject to specified limitations. Requests must state the person, period, information sought, tax purpose and grounds for belief information is held in the requested jurisdiction; exchanged information is subject to strict confidentiality and may be withheld on grounds such as nonconformity, disproportionate difficulty, or public policy.