Related party transaction thresholds and approvals updated for listed entities, subsidiaries and KMP relatives in 2025. Amendments expand covered persons to include directors, key managerial personnel and their relatives; insert Schedule XII establishing tiered materiality thresholds for related party transactions based on consolidated turnover and computation from last audited consolidated financial statements; require prior audit committee approval for subsidiary transactions above Rs.1 crore when values exceed either subsidiary standalone turnover-based limits or the listed entity's Schedule XII thresholds, with special rules where subsidiaries lack audited financials; and limit validity of shareholder omnibus approvals.