<h1>EU embargoes on Russian crude and refined fuel, plus new US exporter sanctions, shift EU and Indian import patterns.</h1> G7 and EU measures impose sanctions and export controls on Russian fossil fuels, including an EU embargo on Russian crude oil from December 2022 and an embargo on Russian refined products from February 2023, with limited derogations for pipeline crude, resulting in EU imports of Russian oil being largely confined to Hungary and Slovakia while Russian gas remains unsanctioned. The EU also bans import of fuel made from Russian oil, whereas Australia, Canada, and the US have not announced an equivalent ban, allowing continued market access for products refined from Russian crude in some jurisdictions. Separately, new US sanctions on specified Russian oil exporters effective from November 22, 2025 have prompted certain Indian refiners to halt imports from sanctioned entities while permitting continued purchases from non-sanctioned Russian sellers, reducing Russia's share of India's crude imports.