Gyeongju (South Korea), Oct 30 (AP) US President Donald Trump is set to meet face-to-face with Chinese leader Xi Jinping on Thursday, a chance for the leaders of the world's two largest economies to stabilise relations after months of turmoil over trade issues.

Trump's aggressive use of tariffs since returning to the White House for a second term combined with China's retaliatory limits on exports of rare earth elements have given the meeting newfound urgency. There is a mutual recognition that neither side wants to risk blowing up the world economy in ways that could jeopardise their own country's fortunes.

In the days leading up to the meeting, US officials have signaled that Trump does not intend to make good on a recent threat to impose an additional 100 per cent import tax on Chinese goods — and China has shown signs it is willing to relax its export controls on rare earths and also buy soybeans from America.

Trump went further aboard Air Force One on his way to South Korea, telling reporters he may reduce tariffs that he placed on China earlier this year related to its role in making fentanyl.

“I expect to be lowering that because I believe that they're going to help us with the fentanyl situation,” Trump said, later adding, “The relationship with China is very good.” The meeting is set to begin at 11 am in Busan, South Korea, a port city about 76 km south from Gyeongju, the main venue for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit.

At a dinner on Wednesday night with other APEC leaders, Trump was caught on a microphone saying the meeting with Xi would be "three, four hours” and he would then go home to Washington.

Officials from both countries met earlier this week in Kuala Lumpur to lay the groundwork for their leaders. Afterward, China's top trade negotiator Li Chenggang said they had reached a “preliminary consensus,” a statement affirmed by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent who said there was “a very successful framework." The anticipated detente has given investors and businesses caught between the two nations a sense of relief. The US stock market has climbed on the hopes of a trade framework coming out of the meeting.

However cordial the rhetoric, Trump and Xi remain on a potential collision course as their countries vie to dominate manufacturing, develop emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and shape world affairs such as the status of Russia's war in Ukraine. Trump indicated that he did not plan to bring up issues such as the security of Taiwan with Xi.

“The proposed deal on the table fits the pattern we've seen all year: short-term stabilisation dressed up as strategic progress," said Craig Singleton, senior director of the China programme at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. “Both sides are managing volatility, calibrating just enough cooperation to avert crisis while the deeper rivalry endures.” The US and China have each shown they believe they have levers to pressure each other, and the past year has demonstrated that tentative steps forward can be short-lived.

For Trump, that pressure comes from tariffs.

Right now, China had faced new tariffs this year totaling 30 per cent, of which 20 per cent has been tied to its role in fentanyl production. But the tariff rates have been volatile. In April, he announced plans to jack the rate on Chinese goods to 145 per cent, only to abandon those plans as markets recoiled.

Then, earlier this month, ahead of this meeting with Xi, Trump threatened a 100 per cent import tax because of China's rare earth restrictions.

Xi has his own chokehold on the world economy because China is the top producer and processor of the rare earth minerals needed to make fighter jets, robots, electric vehicles and other high-tech products.

China tightened export restrictions on October 9 right before the Trump-Xi meeting, repeating a cycle in which each nation jockeys for an edge only to back down after more trade talks.

What might also matter is what happens directly after their talks. Trump plans to return to Washington, while Xi plans to stay on in South Korea to meet with regional leaders during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, which officially begins on Friday.

“Xi sees an opportunity to position China as a reliable partner and bolster bilateral and multilateral relations with countries frustrated by the US administration's tariff policy,” said Jay Truesdale, a former State Department official who is CEO of TD International, a risk and intelligence advisory firm. (AP) RHL

Tariffs and export controls drive talks; tentative trade framework may ease tensions but strategic rivalry persists. Negotiations addressed bilateral use of tariffs and China's export restrictions on rare earths, producing a preliminary framework to stabilize trade: the US signalled restraint on new tariff escalations while China signalled willingness to relax export controls and purchase US agricultural goods. The arrangements aim to reduce market volatility and reassure businesses, but both sides retain coercive leverage and strategic competition in manufacturing and advanced technologies remains unresolved.