<h1>EPR rules drive formalisation of India's e-waste recycling, shifting liabilities, compliance needs, and investor interest</h1> India faces rapidly growing e-waste generation, with regulatory data showing sharp increases and large informal sector handling approximately 80% of waste through hazardous methods. Legal and policy developments, including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) rules and stricter enforcement by pollution control authorities, are driving formalisation and investor interest in authorised recyclers. The shift reduces environmental and public-health liabilities from informal processing, creates compliance obligations for producers and recyclers, and raises enforcement and reporting risks for unauthorised operators. Market projections suggest expanding formal-sector capacity and potential regulatory scrutiny, making EPR compliance, authorisations, and safe handling protocols critical legal and commercial considerations.