<h1>Investigation alleges U.S. tech firms supplied equipment used in Chinese mass surveillance, raising export-control, sanctions and human-rights liability</h1> A major news investigation alleges that U.S. technology firms supplied hardware, software and services that were integrated into Chinese national surveillance programs used to monitor, restrict, detain and persecute large populations, including ethnic minorities and dissidents. The report describes potential legal exposure under U.S. export controls, sanctions regimes, and human-rights litigation, while noting firms' assurances of regulatory compliance. Evidence cited includes leaked government and corporate documents, procurement records and insider testimony. Legal issues include possible breaches of export-control statutes, aiding and abetting human-rights abuses, and civil liability claims, balanced against defenses grounded in lawful exports, lack of intent, and compliance with contemporaneous regulations.