<h1>Indian Railways posts Rs 2,517 crore surplus despite overspending and uncovered passenger losses in 2022-23 audit report</h1> The Comptroller and Auditor General's report on the Indian Railways for the financial year 2022-23 revealed a 25.51% increase in earnings from passenger and freight operations, totaling Rs 2,39,982.56 crore. Despite this, the Ministry of Railways incurred Rs 4,41,642.66 crore in expenditures, including Rs 6,483.71 crore of unsanctioned spending. A net surplus of Rs 2,517.38 crore was reported, reversing the previous year's deficit. Freight profits subsidized passenger service losses, which remained uncovered at Rs 5,257.07 crore. Investment in Railway Public Sector Enterprises reached Rs 5,38,869.02 crore, with most enterprises profitable, though only a few declared dividends as required. Audit findings highlighted budgetary and accounting control issues, including unauthorized fund allocation to a frozen project and unassessed productivity tests on completed projects, raising concerns about financial oversight and project management within the railways.