<h1>Unconditional Cash Transfers in India Surge 23-Fold, Highlighting Inclusion Gaps and Need for Scheme Consolidation</h1> Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) in India have increased 23-fold over the past decade, reaching INR 2,80,780 crore in 2024-25, representing 0.9% of GDP and 11% of social sector spending. A national report analyzing over 70 schemes highlights a shift toward monthly transfers, with a majority targeting women from low-income households. Despite growth, the report identifies persistent exclusions of vulnerable groups and significant disparities in benefit adequacy, questioning the sufficiency of some welfare programs. It advocates for consolidating schemes, improving data systems, and embedding rigorous impact evaluations to enhance transparency, inclusion, and effectiveness. The report emphasizes that UCTs should complement, not replace, investments in public goods and calls for a transition from basic safety nets to tools promoting long-term empowerment and economic participation. It urges collaborative efforts among government, civil society, and philanthropy to optimize cash-based welfare for inclusive growth.