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    SC asks Parsvnath Developers to file report on pending cases against it
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    Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman outlines 5Rs of responsive tax governance; Calls for greater tax certainty and ...
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    July 27, 2026
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    Homebuyer enforcement measures require developer compliance with deposit, project completion, and disclosure of pending cases.
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    MBA campus placements across industry-linked management programmes report recruitment activity spanning finance, analytics, technology, supply chain, healthcare and marketing roles.
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    Healthcare portfolio management services disclose equity strategy performance, benchmark methodology, fee treatment and the absence of regulatory performance verification.
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    UPI-enabled flexi benefits wallets support employee-selected tax-efficient allowances with category controls, compliance monitoring and employer reporting.
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    Forced-labour import tariffs place Indian goods under an additional duty while exemptions preserve access for specified exports.
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    US forced-labour tariffs place India in a lower tier while preserving exclusions for specified imports and Section 232 products.
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    July 25, 2026
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    Tax certainty and taxpayer-centric administration drive simplified compliance, reduced litigation, digital service delivery, and stronger voluntary tax compliance.
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      Customs, DGFT & SEZ

      Press Note 7 (2008) - Consolidated Policy on Foreign Direct Investment

      June 16, 2008

      Contents
      Summary
      Note

      Note

      -

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      After the review of the policy on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) undertaken in 2005-06, summary of the policy was notified vide Press Note 4 (2006).

      2.         Thereafter, further policy revisions were issued vide Press Note 5(2006) and Press Note 2 (2007) and 3(2007).  A comprehensive review of the FDI policy was undertaken in 2007-08 and the policy measures were notified vide Press Note 1-6 (2008).

      3.         A summary of the FDI policy and regulations applicable in various sectors and activities after incorporating the policy changes up to 31-3-2008 is as below:  

      POLICY ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT -- (31st March 2008)

      I.          Sectors prohibited for FDI

      i.                     Retail Trading (except single brand product retailing)

      ii.                   Atomic Energy

      iii.                  Lottery Business

      iv.                  Gambling and Betting

      v.                    Business of chit fund

      vi.                  Nidhi Company

      vii.                 Trading in Transferable Development Rights (TDRs).

      viii.               Activity/sector not opened to private sector investment

      II.                  Sector-specific policy for FDI:

      In the following sectors/activities, FDI is allowed up-to the limit indicated below subject to other conditions as indicated.

       

      Sr.

      No.

      Sector/Activity

      FDI Cap /

      Equity

      Entry

      Route

      Other  conditions

      I

      AGRICULTURE

      1.

      Floriculture, Horticulture, Development of Seeds, Animal Husbandry, Pisciculture, Aqua-culture and Cultivation of Vegetables & Mushrooms under controlled conditions and services related to agro and allied sectors.

       

      Note:Besides the above, FDI is not allowed in any other agricultural sector/activity

      100%

      Automatic

       

      2.

      Tea  Sector,

      including tea

      plantation

      Note:Besides the above, FDI is not allowed in any other plantation sector/activity

      100%

      FIPB

      Subject to divestment of 26% equity in favour of Indian partner/Indian public within 5 years and prior approval of State Government concerned in case of any change in future  land use.

      II

      INDUSTRY

      II A

      MINING

      3.

      Mining covering

      exploration and

      mining of diamonds

      & precious stones;

      gold, silver and

      minerals.

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957 www.mines.nic.in

      Press Note 18 (1998) and Press Note 1 (2005) are not applicable for setting up 100% owned subsidiaries in so far as the mining sector is concerned, subject to a declaration from the applicant that he has no existing joint venture for the same area and /or the particular mineral.

      4.

      Coal  &  Lignite

      mining for captive

      consumption by

      power projects,

      and iron & steel, cement  production and other eligible activities permitted under the Coal Mines

      (Nationalisation) Act, 1973.

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to provisions of Coal Mines

      (Nationalization) Act, 1973

      www.coal.nic.in

      5.

      Mining and mineral separation of titanium bearing minerals and ores, its value addition and integrated activities .

      Note : FDI will not be allowed in mining of "prescribed substances" listed in Government of India notification No. S.O. 61(E) dt. 18.1.2006 issued by the Department of Atomic Energy under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.  

      100%

      FIPB

      Subject to sectoral regulations and the Mines and Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957 and the following conditions-

      i. value addition facilities are set up within India along with transfer of technology;

      ii. disposal of tailing during the mineral separation shall be carried out in accordance with regulations framed by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board such Atomic Energy (Radiation Protection) Rules 2004 and the Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal of Radioactive Wastes) Rules 1987.

      II B

      MANUFACTURING

       6.

      Alcohol-

      Distillation  &

      Brewing

       

      100%

       

      Automatic

      Subject to license by appropriate authority

       7.

      Cigars  &

      Cigarettes-

      Manufacture

       

      100%

       

      FIPB

      Subject to industrial license under the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951

       8.

      Coffee&  Rubber

      processing  &

      warehousing

       

      100%

      Automatic

       

       9.

      Defence

      production

       

      26%

      FIPB

      Subject to licensing under Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 and guidelines on FDI in production of arms & ammunition.

       10.

      Hazardous

      chemicals,  viz.,

      hydrocyanic acid

      and its derivatives;

      phosgene and its

      derivatives; and

      isocyanates and diisocyantes of hydrocarbon.

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to industrial license under the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 and other sectoral regulations.

       11.

      Industrial

      explosives -

      Manufacture

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to industrial license under Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 and regulations under Explosives Act, 1898

      12.

      Drugs & Pharmaceuticals including those involving use of recombinant DNA technology

      100%

      Automatic

       

      II C

      POWER

      13.

      Power including

      generation

      (except Atomic

      energy);

      transmission, distribution and

      Power Trading.

       

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 www.powermin.nic.in

      III

      SERVICES

      14.

      CIVIL AVIATION SECTOR

      (i)

      Airports-

      a.

      Greenfield projects

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to sectoral regulations notified by Ministry of Civil Aviation www civilaviation.nic. in

       

      b.

      Existing projects

      100%

      FIPB

      beyond

      74%

      Subject to sectoral regulations notified by Ministry of Civil Aviation www.civilaviation.nic. in

       

      (ii)

      Air Transport Services including Domestic Scheduled Passenger Airlines; Non-Schedules Airlines; Chartered Airlines; Cargo Airlines; Helicopter and Seaplane Services

             c.

      Scheduled Air Transport

      Services/ Domestic Scheduled Passenger Airline

      49%- FDI;

      100%- for

      NRI

      investment

      Automatic

      Subject to no direct or indirect participation by foreign airlines and sectoral regulations..

             d.

      Non-Scheduled Air Transport Service/ Non-Scheduled airlines, Chartered airlines, and Cargo airlines

      74%- FDI

      100%- for NRIs investment

      Automatic

      Subject to no direct or indirect participation by foreign airlines in Non-Scheduled and Chartered airlines. Foreign airlines are allowed to participate in the equity of companies operating Cargo airlines. Also subject to sectoral regulations.

             e.

      Helicopter Services/Seaplane services requiring DGCA approval

      100%

      Automatic

      Foreign airlines are allowed to participate in the equity of companies operating Helicopter and seaplane airlines. Also subject to sectoral regulations.

      (iii)

      Other services under Civil Aviation Sector

            f.

      Ground Handling Services

      74%- FDI

      100%- for NRIs investment

      Automatic

      Subject to sectoral regulations and security clearance.

            g.

      Maintenance and Repair organizations; flying training institutes; and technical training institutions

       

      100%

      Automatic

       

       15.

      Asset

      Reconstruction

      Companies

       

      49%

      (only

      FDI)

       

      FIPB

      Where any individual investment exceeds 10% of the equity, provisions of Section 3(3)(f) of Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 should be complied with. www.finmin.nic.in

      16.

      Banking  -

      Private  sector

      74%

      (FDI+FII)

      Automatic

      Subject to guidelines for setting up branches / subsidiaries of foreign banks issued by RBI. www.rbi.org.in

      17.

      Broadcasting

      a.

      FM Radio

      FDI +FII

      investment

      up to 20%

      FIPB

      Subject to Guidelines notified by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. www.mib.nic.in

      b.

      Cable network

      49%

      (FDI+FII)

      FIPB

      Subject to Cable Television Network Rules (1994) Notified by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.  www.mib.nic.in

      c.

      Direct-To-Home

      49%

      (FDI+FII).

      Within this

      limit, FDI

      component not to exceed

      20%

      FIPB

      Subject to guidelines issued by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. www.mib.nic.in

      d.

      Setting up

      hardware facilities

      such as up-linking,

      HUB, etc

      49%

      (FDI+FII)

      FIPB

      Subject to Up-linking Policy notified by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. www.mib.nic.in

      e.

      Up-linking a News

      & Current Affairs

      TV Channel

      26%

      FDI+FII

      FIPB

      Subject to guidelines issued by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. www.mib.nic.in

      f.

      Up-linking a Non-

      news & Current

      Affairs TV

      Channel

      100%

      FIPB

      Subject to guidelines issued by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. www.mib.nic.in

      18.

      Commodity Exchanges

      49% (FDI+FII)

      Investment by Registered FII under PIS will be limited to 23% and

      Investment under FDI Scheme limited to 26%.

      FIPB

      FII purchases shall be restricted to secondary market only.

      No foreign investor/entity, including persons acting in concert, will hold more than 5% of the equity in these companies.

      19.

      Construction

      Development

      projects, including

      housing,

      commercial

      premises, resorts,

      educational

      institutions,

      recreational

      facilities, city

      and regional

      level infrastructure,

      townships.

       

      Note:: FDI is not allowed in Real Estate Business

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to conditions notified vide Press Note 2

      (2005 Series) including:

      a. minimum capitalization of US$ 10 million for

      wholly owned subsidiaries and US$ 5 million for joint venture. The funds would have to be brought within six months of commencement of business of the Company.

      b. Minimum area to be developed under each project- 10 hectares in case of development of serviced housing plots; and built-up area of 50,000 sq. mts. in case of construction development project; and any of the above in case of a combination project.

      [Note 1:  For  investment  by NRIs,  the  conditions mentioned  in  Press Note 2 / 2005 are not applicable.

      Note 2: For investment in SEZs, Hotels & Hospitals, conditions mentioned in Press Note 2(2005) are not applicable]

      20.

      Courier  services

      for carrying packages, parcels and other items which do not come within the ambit of the Indian Post Office Act, 1898.

      100%

      FIPB

      Subject to existing laws and exclusion of activity relating to distribution of letters, which is exclusively reserved for the State. www.indiapost.gov.in

      21.

      Credit Information Companies

       

      49 % (FDI+FII)

      Investment by Registered FII under PIS will be limited to 24% only in the CICs listed at the Stock Exchanges within the overall limit of 49% foreign investment.

      FIPB

       

       

       

      Foreign Investment in CIC will be subject to Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005.

      FII investment will be subject to the conditions that:

      (a) No single entity should directly or indirectly hold more than 10% equity

      (b) Any acquisition in excess of 1% will have to be reported to RBI as a reporting requirement; and

      (c) FIIs investing in CICs shall not seek a representation on the Board of Directors based upon their shareholding.

       22.

      Industrial Parks both setting up and in established Industrial Parks

      100%

      Automatic

      Conditions in Press Note 2(2005) applicable for construction development projects would not apply provided the Industrial Parks meet with the under-mentioned conditions-

      i. it would comprise of a minimum of 10 units and no single unit shall occupy more than 50% of the allocable area;

      ii. the minimum percentage of the area to be allocated for industrial activity shall not be less than 66% of the total allocable area.

       23

      Insurance

      26%

      Automatic

      Subject to licensing by the Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority

      www.irda.nic.in

       24.

      Investing

      companies  in

      infrastructure /

      services  sector

      (except  telecom

      sector)

      100%

      FIPB

      Where there is a prescribed cap for foreign investment, only the direct investment will be considered for the prescribed cap and foreign investment in an investing company will not be set off against this cap provided the foreign direct investment in such investing company does not exceed 49% and the management of the investing company is with the Indian owners.

      25.

      Non  Banking  Finance  Companies

      i)

       

       

      ii)

       

       

       

       

      iii)

       

       

       

      iv)

       

       

      v)

       

      vi)

       

       

      vii)

       

      viii)

       

      ix)

       

      x)

       

       

      xi)

       

       

      xii)

       

       

      xiii)

       

       

      xiv)

       

      xv)

       

       

      xvi)

       

       

      xvii)

       

       

      xviii)

       

      Merchant

      Banking

       

      Underwriting

      Portfolio

      Management

      Services

       

      Investment

      Advisory

      Services

       

      Financial

      Consultancy

       

      Stock  Broking

       

      Asset

      Management

       

      Venture  Capital

       

      Custodial

      Services

       

      Factoring

       

      Credit  Rating

      Agencies

       

      Financial Leasing & Hire Purchase

       

      Finance

       

      Housing

      Finance

      Forex  Broking

       

      Credit card

      Business

       

      Money

      changing

      business

       

      Micro  credit

       

      Rural credit

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to:

      a. minimum capitalization norms for fund based NBFCs - US$ 0.5 million to be brought upfront for FDI up to 51%;  US$ 5 million to be brought upfront for FDI above 51% and up to 75%; and US$ 50 million out of which US$ 7.5 million to be brought upfront and the balance in 24 months for FDI beyond 75% and up to 100%.

      b. minimum capitalization norms for non-fund based NBFC activities- US$ 0.5 million.

      c. foreign investors can set up 100% operating subsidiaries without the condition to disinvest a minimum of 25% of its equity to Indian entities subject to bringing in US$ 50 million without any restriction on number of operating subsidiaries without bringing additional capital.

      d. joint venture operating NBFC's that have 75% or less than 75% foreign investment will also be allowed to set up subsidiaries for undertaking other NBFC activities subject to the subsidiaries also complying with the applicable minimum capital inflow.

      e. compliance with the guidelines of the RBI.

      f. The minimum capitalization norms would apply would be applicable where the  foreign holding in a NBFC(both direct and indirect)  exceeds the limits indicated at (a) above

      g. The capital for the purpose of minimum capitalization norms shall consist of ordinary shares only.

      26.

      Petroleum  &  Natural  Gas  sector

       

      a.

      Refining

      49% in

      case  of

      PSUs

      100% in

      case  of

      Private

      companies

       

      FIPB

      (in case of

      PSUs)

       

      Automatic

      (in case of

      private

      companies)

      Subject to Sectoral policy

      www.petroleum.nic.in and no divestment or dilution of domestic equity in the existing PSUs.

      b.

      Other than

      Refining and

      including market

      study and

      formulation;

      investment/

      financing; setting

      up infrastructure

      for marketing in

      Petroleum &

      Natural Gas

      sector.

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to sectoral regulations issued by Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas

      www.petroleum.nic.in

      27.

      Print Media

      a.

      Publishing of

      newspaper  and

      periodicals

      dealing with

      news and current affairs

      26%

      FIPB

      Subject to Guidelines notified by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. www.mib.nic.in

      b.

      Publishing of

      scientific

      magazines/

      specialty

      journals/

      periodicals

      100%

      FIPB

      Subject to guidelines issued by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. www.mib.nic.in

      28.

      Telecommunications

      a.

      Basic and

      cellular, Unified

      Access  Services,

      National/

      International

      Long Distance,

      V-Sat, Public

      Mobile Radio

      Trunked

      Services

      (PMRTS),

      Global Mobile

      Personal

      Communications

      Services

      (GMPCS) and

      other value

      added telecom

      services

       

      74%

      (Including

      FDI, FII,

      NRI,

      FCCBs,

      ADRs,

      GDRs,

      convertible

      preference

      shares, and

      proportio-

      nate

      foreign

      equity in

      Indian

      promoters/

      Investing

      Company)

      Automatic

      up to

      49%.

       

       

      FIPB

      beyond

      49%.

      Subject to guidelines notified in the PN   3(2007)

      b.

      ISP with

      gateways, radio-

      paging, end-to-

      end bandwidth.

      74%

      Automatic

      up to 49%.

       

      FIPB

      beyond

      49%.

      Subject to licensing and security requirements notified by the Dept. of  Telecommunications.

      www.dotindia.com

      c.

      (a) ISP without

      gateway,

      (b) infrastructure

      provider

      providing dark

      fibre, right of way,duct space,tower (Category I);

      (c) electronic

      mail and voice

      mail

      100%

      Automatic

      up to 49%.

       

       

      FIPB

      beyond

      49%.

      Subject to the condition that such companies shall divest 26% of their equity in favour of Indian public in 5 years, if these companies are listed in other parts of the world. Also subject to licensing and security requirements, where required.

      www.dotindia.com

      d.

      Manufacture of

      telecom

      equipments

      100%

      Automatic

      Subject to sectoral requirements.

      www.dotindia.com

      29.

      Trading

      a.

       

       

       

      b.

       

       

      c.

       

       

       

       

       

       

      d.

       

       

       

       

       

       

      e.

      Wholesale/cash

      & carry trading

       

       

      Trading for

      exports

       

       

      Trading of items

      sourced from small scale sector

       

       

       

      Test marketing

      of such items for which a company has approval for manufacture

       

       

      Single Brand

      product retailing

       

      100%

       

       

       

      100%

       

       

      100%

       

       

       

       

       

      100%

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      51%

      Automatic

       

       

       

      Automatic

       

       

      FIPB

       

       

       

       

       

      FIPB

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      FIPB

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      Subject to the condition that the test marketing approval will be for a period of two years and I nvestment in setting up manufacturing facilities comomences simultaneously with test marketing.

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      Subject to guidelines for FDI in trading issued by Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion vide

      Press Note 3 (2006 Series).

       

      30.

      Satellites  -

      Establishment

      and operation

      74%

      FIPB

      Subject to Sectoral guidelines issued by Department of Space/ISRO

      www.isro.org

      31.

      Special

      Economic Zones

      and Free Trade

      Warehousing

      Zones covering

      setting up of these Zones and setting up units in the Zones

      100%

       

      Automatic

      Subject to Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 and the Foreign Trade Policy.

      www.sezindia.nic.in

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       II.       In Sectors/Activities not listed above, FDI is permitted up to 100% on the automatic route subject to sectoral rules/ regulations applicable.

      III.              Prior Government approval for FDI required in the following circumstances:

      i)               where provisions of Press Note 1 (2005 Series) issued by the Government of India are attracted;

      ii)              where more than 24% foreign equity is proposed to be inducted for manufacture of items reserved for the Small Scale sector.

      Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Ministry of Commerce & Industry

      New Delhi, 16th June, 2008

      RJ/MRS

       

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax