69.03 lakh candidates trained under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana as in November 2019

8 per cent increase in regular Employment of Women in 2017-18 over 2011-12

Employment generation, coupled with improving employability has been the priority of the Government. Significant progress made in this direction forms a major  highlight of the Economic Survey 2019-20, which was presented by the Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman, in Parliament today. "General education improves knowledge of the people while skill training enhances their employability and equips them to tackle requirements of labour market," states the Economic Survey.

Skill Development

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), a key initiative under the Government's Skill India Mission, enables youth to take up Short Term Training (STT) and get their skills certified through Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL). Under PMKVY (2016-20), 69.03 lakh candidates have been trained throughout the country as on 11th November, 2019, details the Survey. The pre-Budget document also takes note of the range of reforms introduced to the Apprenticeship Rules, 1992 for expansion and outreach of apprenticeship policy.

Further, to enhance the employability of female workers, the Government is providing training to them through a network of women Industrial Training Institutes, National Vocational Training Institutes and Regional Vocational Training Institutes, the Economic Survey observes.

Employment

Along with efforts for generating additional employment, special focus has been on improving quality of jobs and formalisation of the economy, notes the Economic Survey. The share of regular wage/salaried employees has increased by 5 percentage points from 18 per cent in 2011-12 to 23 per cent in 2017-18. In absolute terms, there was a significant jump of around 2.62 crore new jobs with 1.21 crore in rural areas and 1.39 crore in urban areas in this category. "Remarkably the proportion of women workers in regular wage category have increased by 8 percentage points (from 13 per cent in 2011-12 to 21 per cent in 2017-18) with addition of 0.71 crore new jobs for female workers in this category," the Survey highlights. The distribution of workers in self-employed category remained same while the proportion of workers in casual labour category decreased by 5 percentage points from 30 per cent in 2011-12 to 25 per cent in 2017-18 with the decline being in rural areas.

The Economic Survey underscores various programmes and legislative measures that are in place to encourage female participation in the economy. These include enhancement in paid maternity leave from 12 weeks to 26 weeks and provisions for mandatory crèche facility in establishments with 50 or more employees, among others. The Survey also outlines the initiatives that have been implemented for women empowerment across the country, such as Mahila Shakti Kendra Scheme, Women Helpline Scheme, establishment of One Stop Centres etc., as well as schemes to ensure safety of women at workplace and support female entrepreneurship.

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RM/NB/SC/LP/RC

Regular wage employment growth signals improved job formalisation and expanded skill training boosting female workforce participation. The government's PMKVY skill initiative and Apprenticeship Rule reforms expand short-term training and apprenticeship outreach to improve employability. These measures, alongside women-focused training institutes, have accompanied a rise in the share of regular wage/salaried employees, substantial net job additions in rural and urban areas, and increased female representation in regular employment. Policy complements include extended paid maternity leave and mandatory cre che facilities for larger establishments to promote formalisation and female labour participation.