Occurrence of frauds was enabled by laxity in the financial system, and the underlying causes have been systematically dealt with by the Government through comprehensive steps for reduction in occurrence of frauds, and their proactive checking and timely detection. The steps taken in this regard include, inter-alia,the following:

1. Government has issued “Framework for timely detection, reporting, investigation etc. relating to large value bank frauds” to Public Sector Banks (PSBs), for systemic and comprehensive checking of legacy stock of their non-performing assets (NPAs), which provides, inter-alia, that-
2. all accounts exceeding ₹ 50 crore, if classified as NPAs, be examined by banks from the angle of possible fraud, and a report placed before the bank’s Committee for Review of NPAs on the findings of this investigation;
3. examination be initiated for wilful default immediately upon reporting fraud to RBI; and
4. report on the borrower be sought from the Central Economic Intelligence Bureau in case an account turns NPA.
5. Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 has been enacted to deter economic offenders from evading the process of Indian law by remaining outside the jurisdiction of Indian courts. The act provides for attachment of property of a fugitive economic offender, confiscation of such offender’s property and disentitlement of the offender from defending any civil claim.
6. PSBs have been advised to obtain certified copy of the passport of the promoters/directors and other authorised signatories of companies availing loan facilities of more than ₹ 50 crore and, decide on publishing photographs of wilful defaulters, in terms of Reserve Bank of India (RBI)’s instructions and as per their Board-approved policy and to strictly ensure rotational transfer of officials/employees. The heads of PSBs have also been empowered to issue requests for issue of Look Out Circulars.
7. For enforcement of auditing standards and ensuring the quality of audits, Government has established the National Financial Reporting Authority as an independent regulator.
8. Instructions/advisories have been issued by Government to PSBs to decide on publishing photographs of wilful defaulters, in terms of RBI’s instructions and as per their Board-approved policy, and to obtain certified copy of the passport of the promoters/directors and other authorised signatories of companies availing loan facilities of more than ₹ 50 crore.
9. In order to bring transparency and accountability in the larger financial system, bank accounts of 3.38 lakh inoperative companies were frozen over the last two financial years.

The impact of the above steps is reflected in RBI’s Financial Stability Report (FSR) of June 2019. As per FSR, systemic and comprehensive checking of legacy stock of NPAs of PSBs for frauds has helped unearth frauds perpetrated over a number of years, which is getting reflected in increased number of reported incidents of frauds in recent years compared to previous years. The details of frauds of ₹ 1 lakh and above that occurred during the last three financial years (FYs), reported by PSBs to RBI, as per inputs received from RBI, are as under:

FY of occurrence	Number of cases	Amount  involved (in crore Rs.)
2016-17	1,745	24,291
2017-18	1,545	6,916
2018-19	739	5,149

Bank-wise details are at Annex.

Note: Figures cited above for PSBs include those for IDBI Bank Limited, which was recategorised as a private sector bank by RBI with effect from 21.1.2019.

This was stated by Shri Anurag Singh Thakur, Minister of State for Finance & Corporate Affairs in a written reply to a question in Lok Sabha today.

 

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Annex

Details of frauds (Based on date of occurrence - Amount Involved ₹ 1 lakh and above) for Public Sector Banks        

 Amounts in crore Rs.

Bank Name	FY 2016-17	FY 2017-18	FY 2018-19	Comprehensive measures have been taken to prevent frauds including directions to banks to examine all NPA accounts above ₹ 50 crore from the angle of possible fraud, initiation of criminal proceedings, enactment of Fugitive Economic Offenders Act 2018, creation of Central Fraud Registry, empowering Bank Heads to request for issue of Look Out Circular, establishment of National Financial Reporting Authority, Straight through processing between Core Banking System and SWIFT, advice to banks to obtain certified copy of passport of promoters /directors of companies availing loan exceeding ₹ 50 crore etc.
Allahabad Bank	63	11	12
Andhra Bank	36	37	11
Bank of Baroda	140	84	32
Bank of India	95	99	52
Bank of Maharashtra	34	32	38
Canara Bank	48	50	24
Central Bank of India	59	56	45
Corporation Bank	52	12	5
Dena Bank	24	11	3
IDBI Bank Limited	91	94	99
Indian Bank	70	47	20
Indian Overseas Bank	53	34	30
Oriental Bank of Commerce	42	24	8
Punjab and Sind Bank	22	3	0
Punjab National Bank	101	108	33
State Bank of India	469	618	236
State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur	5	Merged with SBI	Merged with SBI
State Bank of Hyderabad	6
State Bank of Mysore	12
State Bank of Patiala	6
State Bank of Travancore	15
Syndicate Bank	127	78	27
UCO Bank	31	41	27
Union Bank of India	83	69	15
United Bank of India	29	15	20
Vijaya Bank	32	22	2

 Source: RBI

 Note: IDBI Bank Limited was recategorised as a private sector bank by RBI with effect from 21.1.2019.

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Fraud detection framework tightens bank oversight, mandating NPA fraud scrutiny, willful default probes and intelligence reporting. A Framework for timely detection, reporting and investigation mandates banks to examine all NPA accounts above the specified threshold for possible fraud, present findings to internal review committees, initiate examination for wilful default on reporting to the central bank, and seek intelligence bureau reports where appropriate; complementary measures include passport verification of promoters/directors, publication of wilful defaulter photographs under board policy, rotational transfers of officials, empowerment to request Look Out Circulars, creation of a Central Fraud Registry, straight-through processing between core banking and messaging systems, establishment of the National Financial Reporting Authority, and enactment of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 for attachment and confiscation of fugitive assets.