<h1>Aftermarket competition: carmakers found to restrict spare parts and repair access, prompting mandatory corrective measures and penalty.</h1> The Commission found three car manufacturers in breach for imposing absolute covenants that foreclosed the aftermarket by restricting supply of genuine spare parts and diagnostic tools to independent repairers, constituting restrictive agreements and abuse of dominance. It directed cessation of the impugned conduct, adoption of policies to make parts and tools available in the open market, removal of restrictions on independent repairers, and applied a monetary penalty to one manufacturer while absolving the other two from monetary sanction for mitigating factors.