Tax deduction at source framework governs payment-based withholding, exemptions, nil-tax declarations, grossing-up and deemed credits to payees.

Section 393 prescribes tax deduction at source on specified payments to residents, non-residents and any person, with the applicable payment, deductor, threshold, rate and timing determined by the prescribed Table. Deduction generally arises at the earlier of credit or payment, while specified payment categories may require deduction at payment. Exemptions apply to qualifying recipients and payments, and eligible recipients may furnish a nil-tax declaration subject to prescribed conditions. Income is grossed up where the payer bears tax, and suspense-account credits are deemed credits to the payee.

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