Reasonable time for tax assessment: ten-year delay after Form-H notice rendered the assessment unsustainable.

Recusal requires a genuine, reasonable apprehension of bias; interim observations and conjecture were insufficient, so the plea failed.

No valid arbitration agreement and no statutory power to appoint an arbitrator rendered the award a jurisdictional nullity.

Unauthorised trading and vicarious liability: HC upheld award where manipulated trades and broker responsibility were proved.

Permissive arbitration clause held non-binding where contract used "can" and required further consent to arbitrate.

Quantum meruit for non-gratuitous supply upheld; unregistered firm's claim maintained and simple interest granted.

SICA repeal and abatement of rehabilitation proceedings barred further control over company assets; illegal share allotments and sales were struck dow...

Banking deficiency in cheque presentment upheld; consumer compensation reduced for uncertain loss from stale cheques.

Arbitration joinder and appeal maintainability: tribunal's protective order allowing trustee participation was upheld.

Banking amalgamation scheme upheld as a valid public-interest measure protecting depositors and surviving constitutional challenge.

Company arraignment is mandatory before vicarious liability can attach to directors in cheque dishonour prosecutions.

Security cheque under Negotiable Instruments law can be enforceable on default when tied to an existing loan liability.

Director vicarious liability requires specific averments; prior revision does not bar inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 CrPC.

Fraud account classification requires disclosure and written reply, but no automatic personal hearing under natural justice.

Section 24(1)(a) and limitation condonation under land acquisition law support appeals on merits despite delay.

Promissory estoppel applied to SEZ octroi exemption, making the State liable for refund despite no municipal statutory amendment.

Section 34 review of arbitral award: milestone withholding, contractual interest bar, tax reimbursement, and prolongation damages partly set aside.

Strict construction of taxing notification excludes denatured spirit; delay condonation fails for unexplained administrative inaction.