Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Input tax credit conditions remain constitutionally valid, with eligible recipient claims considered under GST circulars and retrospective filing dead...
Bogus donation receipts justified commission income assessment and defeated political-party tax exemption for inaccurate accounts and reporting failur...
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A mortgage executed years after the underlying debenture arrangement was held to be a preferential transaction because it created a perfected security interest only within the look-back period and improved the creditor's position in insolvency. The Tribunal rejected the argument that the deed merely perfected an earlier contractual promise, noting that no enforceable mortgage had been created for nearly seven years, prior charges had already been created in favour of other lenders, and the later deed was a fresh arrangement creating only a second charge without fresh finance. The ordinary-course-of-business exception was also rejected, and the discharge of the security interest was affirmed.
A mortgage executed years after the underlying debenture arrangement was held to be a preferential transaction because it created a perfected security interest only within the look-back period and improved the creditor's position in insolvency. The Tribunal rejected the argument that the deed merely perfected an earlier contractual promise, noting that no enforceable mortgage had been created for nearly seven years, prior charges had already been created in favour of other lenders, and the later deed was a fresh arrangement creating only a second charge without fresh finance. The ordinary-course-of-business exception was also rejected, and the discharge of the security interest was affirmed.
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