Customs Valuation Rule Sequence must be followed; single-comparator re-determination and penalties set aside without comparability or proof of mis-dec...
Separately Identifiable Services: transportation found to be the essential character, so Cargo Handling classification and extended limitation rejecte...
VAT dues under Section 48 of the GVAT Act were treated as secured by a statutory first charge, but CST dues were not, because the CST Act created no corresponding charge and Section 9(2) did not import one. The Tribunal held that a statutory charge need not be registered to exist, and that the claimant's omission in the claim form did not defeat it where contemporaneous communications asserted the first charge. It also found no waiver or acquiescence, yet held that the security stood deemed relinquished under Regulation 21A because the creditor did not elect to realise it outside the liquidation estate. VAT dues therefore ranked under the secured-creditor distribution, while CST dues remained unsecured government dues.
VAT dues under Section 48 of the GVAT Act were treated as secured by a statutory first charge, but CST dues were not, because the CST Act created no corresponding charge and Section 9(2) did not import one. The Tribunal held that a statutory charge need not be registered to exist, and that the claimant's omission in the claim form did not defeat it where contemporaneous communications asserted the first charge. It also found no waiver or acquiescence, yet held that the security stood deemed relinquished under Regulation 21A because the creditor did not elect to realise it outside the liquidation estate. VAT dues therefore ranked under the secured-creditor distribution, while CST dues remained unsecured government dues.
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