Transfer pricing comparability under TNMM: foreign exchange loss on ECB excluded from operating cost, and a functionally dissimilar comparator removed...
Fake AI-generated precedents vitiate adjudication, with unverified citations contaminating the decision-making process and undermining the rule of law...
Software licence, database support and related IT expenditure was held to be revenue in nature because it secured only a limited right to use software, with no acquisition of proprietary or copyright rights and no independent enduring asset. Applying the principle from Engineering Analysis, the Tribunal treated the payments as facilitating day-to-day business operations and upheld deletion of the disallowance. On year-end provisions, the Tribunal held that repeated disallowance of the same item would create impermissible double disallowance; the matter was restored for limited verification of prior disallowance or tax deduction and corresponding relief to prevent duplication.
Software licence, database support and related IT expenditure was held to be revenue in nature because it secured only a limited right to use software, with no acquisition of proprietary or copyright rights and no independent enduring asset. Applying the principle from Engineering Analysis, the Tribunal treated the payments as facilitating day-to-day business operations and upheld deletion of the disallowance. On year-end provisions, the Tribunal held that repeated disallowance of the same item would create impermissible double disallowance; the matter was restored for limited verification of prior disallowance or tax deduction and corresponding relief to prevent duplication.
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