Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Appointment of a Provisional Liquidator shifts control of the company's affairs from the board to the liquidator, and erstwhile directors become functus officio; cheques issued or presented thereafter without the liquidator's authority are not enforceable against the company. The text also states that dishonour marked "Account Blocked" in winding-up or liquidation proceedings does not satisfy Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act because the essential ingredient of dishonour for insufficiency of funds is absent and the account is no longer under the drawer's effective control. On that basis, complaint proceedings under Section 138 against the company and former directors were held not maintainable.
Appointment of a Provisional Liquidator shifts control of the company's affairs from the board to the liquidator, and erstwhile directors become functus officio; cheques issued or presented thereafter without the liquidator's authority are not enforceable against the company. The text also states that dishonour marked "Account Blocked" in winding-up or liquidation proceedings does not satisfy Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act because the essential ingredient of dishonour for insufficiency of funds is absent and the account is no longer under the drawer's effective control. On that basis, complaint proceedings under Section 138 against the company and former directors were held not maintainable.
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