Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Statements recorded under Customs law were treated as admissible in FEMA adjudication where they related to the same transaction; mere retraction did not make them involuntary when they were confirmed before two authorities, no coercion was shown, and the statements were supported by documentary evidence. A Customs settlement granting immunity from penalty and prosecution did not bar separate FEMA action for contravention of foreign exchange law arising from under-invoiced imports and compensatory cash payments. The Tribunal affirmed contravention of FEMA and liability of the individual appellant, but reduced the penalties on proportionality and adjusted the pre-deposit.
Statements recorded under Customs law were treated as admissible in FEMA adjudication where they related to the same transaction; mere retraction did not make them involuntary when they were confirmed before two authorities, no coercion was shown, and the statements were supported by documentary evidence. A Customs settlement granting immunity from penalty and prosecution did not bar separate FEMA action for contravention of foreign exchange law arising from under-invoiced imports and compensatory cash payments. The Tribunal affirmed contravention of FEMA and liability of the individual appellant, but reduced the penalties on proportionality and adjusted the pre-deposit.
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