Toy balloon tariff classification: functional heading prevails over residual rubber and festive article headings, supporting penalties for deliberate ...
Customs valuation using comparable contemporaneous imports can displace declared value, while missing speaking orders require pursuit before competent...
Foreign customs declarations and importer admissions established undervaluation, supporting sequential value redetermination, differential duty, and m...
Customs seizure safeguards prevent detention-based limitation avoidance and invalidate provisional release conditions for imported vehicles under an i...
Money-laundering is treated as an independent and continuing offence, so attachment under the PMLA turns on the date when proceeds of crime are possessed, concealed, used, or projected as untainted property, not on the date of the loan or predicate offence. The definition of proceeds of crime was read to include equivalent value property, allowing attachment of assets acquired earlier when traced tainted property is unavailable. Settlement of bank dues did not displace attachment while the predicate offence remained pending, and property could be attached in the hands of third parties, including a wife or children, if it represented proceeds of crime. The attachment was upheld in full.
Money-laundering is treated as an independent and continuing offence, so attachment under the PMLA turns on the date when proceeds of crime are possessed, concealed, used, or projected as untainted property, not on the date of the loan or predicate offence. The definition of proceeds of crime was read to include equivalent value property, allowing attachment of assets acquired earlier when traced tainted property is unavailable. Settlement of bank dues did not displace attachment while the predicate offence remained pending, and property could be attached in the hands of third parties, including a wife or children, if it represented proceeds of crime. The attachment was upheld in full.
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