Working-capital adjustment determines whether software-services transfer-pricing margins fall within the statutory tolerance range, eliminating any ad...
Permanent establishment deductions upheld for expatriate salaries, direct costs and trading losses, while head-office costs require fresh classificati...
Data transmission equipment classification under CTSH 8517 62 remains distinct from residual classification, with exemption evidence requiring scrutin...
Provident fund, pension fund and gratuity fund dues are excluded from the liquidation estate under Section 36(4)(a)(iii) and cannot be brought into the waterfall under Section 53. The absence of a separately maintained fund does not remove that statutory protection, and such dues must be provided for from the corporate debtor's available funds. The Tribunal therefore found the claim could not be treated as a distribution claim and remitted the matter for fresh examination in accordance with law. It also held that provident fund dues relatable to a separate legal entity could not be fastened on the corporate debtor, as distinct entities carry separate liabilities.
Provident fund, pension fund and gratuity fund dues are excluded from the liquidation estate under Section 36(4)(a)(iii) and cannot be brought into the waterfall under Section 53. The absence of a separately maintained fund does not remove that statutory protection, and such dues must be provided for from the corporate debtor's available funds. The Tribunal therefore found the claim could not be treated as a distribution claim and remitted the matter for fresh examination in accordance with law. It also held that provident fund dues relatable to a separate legal entity could not be fastened on the corporate debtor, as distinct entities carry separate liabilities.
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