Country of Origin Certificates and declared transaction value supported preferential customs exemption where authenticity and invoice prices remained ...
Online bond platforms may offer overseas-regulated products and tax-specific bonds subject to disclosures, compliance safeguards and revised complianc...
Corporate guarantee valuation permits actual ascertainable commission while barring retroactive application and extended-period penalties for bona fid...
Proper-officer jurisdiction under UPGST penalty provisions upheld; participation on merits prevents bypassing the statutory appellate remedy through w...
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A foreign judgment is conclusive in India only if rendered after due judicial process, with a reasonable opportunity to defend and genuine consideration of substantive defences. The English decree failed this test because the respondent raised bona fide triable issues supported by contemporaneous documents, yet was denied leave to defend in summary proceedings; it was therefore not a judgment on merits and offended natural justice under Section 13 CPC, making it unenforceable under Section 44A read with Section 13 CPC. The Court further clarified that FERA does not bar adjudication of liability, but enforcement of a decree remains subject to prior regulatory permission under Section 47(3)(b).
A foreign judgment is conclusive in India only if rendered after due judicial process, with a reasonable opportunity to defend and genuine consideration of substantive defences. The English decree failed this test because the respondent raised bona fide triable issues supported by contemporaneous documents, yet was denied leave to defend in summary proceedings; it was therefore not a judgment on merits and offended natural justice under Section 13 CPC, making it unenforceable under Section 44A read with Section 13 CPC. The Court further clarified that FERA does not bar adjudication of liability, but enforcement of a decree remains subject to prior regulatory permission under Section 47(3)(b).
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