Pre-commencement R&D deduction denied where business had not commenced; deeming benefit requires tangible start of manufacture or commercial exploitat...
Priority of set-off: brought forward business losses must be adjusted before unabsorbed depreciation; procedural safeguards required for invoking rest...
Import of Technical Grade Urea through a State Trading Enterprise remained compliant with the import policy even after the goods were sold on high seas to the appellant and the appellant filed the Bill of Entry for clearance. The Tribunal followed its earlier rulings that the policy required import through the State Trading Enterprise, not direct import by the end-user, so the appellant's role in clearance did not make the import unlawful. As the import was not contrary to law, confiscation was unwarranted and the consequential penalty could not survive. The Revenue's reliance on a different precedent was rejected as factually and legally distinguishable.
Import of Technical Grade Urea through a State Trading Enterprise remained compliant with the import policy even after the goods were sold on high seas to the appellant and the appellant filed the Bill of Entry for clearance. The Tribunal followed its earlier rulings that the policy required import through the State Trading Enterprise, not direct import by the end-user, so the appellant's role in clearance did not make the import unlawful. As the import was not contrary to law, confiscation was unwarranted and the consequential penalty could not survive. The Revenue's reliance on a different precedent was rejected as factually and legally distinguishable.
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