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    Estimated bogus purchase additions cannot by themselves sustain concealment penalty; non-considered submissions required remand.
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      A bank receiving cheques for collection acts as the customer's...

      Banking deficiency in cheque presentment upheld; consumer compensation reduced for uncertain loss from stale cheques.

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      Indian LawsApril 17, 2026Case LawsSC
      A bank receiving cheques for collection acts as the customer's agent and must exercise due diligence in presenting them within the validity period; once a temporary obstacle such as a strike ends, the cheques must be re-presented within a reasonable time. Failure to do so, resulting in stale cheques, amounts to negligence and deficiency in service under consumer law, and the concurrent finding of deficiency was upheld. On compensation, consumer redress must be fair and commensurate with the proved loss; because the downstream consequences of timely dishonour remained uncertain, token compensation was appropriate. The award was therefore reduced from 10 percent to 6 percent of the cheque amount, with interest also reduced to 6 percent per annum.

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      ActsIncome Tax