Specific tariff classification for ophthalmic instruments and extended limitation principles determine the treatment of duty demands, confiscation, an...
Integrated golf function determines classification, placing launch monitors and simulators under other golf equipment rather than measuring instrument...
Public servant status under anti-corruption law extends to recognised stock exchange leadership; constitutional and sanction challenges do not succeed...
Acquiescence, homebuyer protection and clean-slate resolution principles prevent landowners from disrupting an integrated project through late termina...
Hearsay evidence cannot, by itself, prove that seized gold is of foreign origin or smuggled; it must be supported by substantive corroboration. A statement under Section 108 is admissible, but its voluntariness must still be examined, and contact records or intelligence alone do not establish foreign origin where there are no foreign markings or other cogent links. On that basis, the burden under Section 123 did not shift to the person from whom the gold was seized, confiscation failed, and the penalty also could not stand. Once seizure and confiscation were unsustainable, restitution required release of the goods to that person when no rival owner came forward.
Hearsay evidence cannot, by itself, prove that seized gold is of foreign origin or smuggled; it must be supported by substantive corroboration. A statement under Section 108 is admissible, but its voluntariness must still be examined, and contact records or intelligence alone do not establish foreign origin where there are no foreign markings or other cogent links. On that basis, the burden under Section 123 did not shift to the person from whom the gold was seized, confiscation failed, and the penalty also could not stand. Once seizure and confiscation were unsustainable, restitution required release of the goods to that person when no rival owner came forward.
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