Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Specified regulatory authority income receives conditional tax exemption, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income character, and return f...
Tax exemption for regulatory authority income applies retrospectively, subject to non-commercial activity, unchanged income sources, and return-filing...
Input tax credit conditions remain constitutionally valid, with eligible recipient claims considered under GST circulars and retrospective filing dead...
Bogus donation receipts justified commission income assessment and defeated political-party tax exemption for inaccurate accounts and reporting failur...
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Bid-rigging was proved by direct and circumstantial email evidence showing coordinated bidding, allocation of shares, tender distribution, price discussions, bid withdrawal directions and continued receipt of cartel communications without dissociation; contravention under Sections 3(1) and 3(3)(a) to (d) was therefore affirmed. Once cartel conduct was established, the presumption of appreciable adverse effect on competition applied and was not rebutted; reliance on Rajasthan Cylinder was distinguished. The partner's liability under Section 48 was upheld, and penalty based on average income at the same rate as the firm was held proper. Challenges based on vacancy in composition and denial of cross-examination failed, and both appeals were dismissed.
Bid-rigging was proved by direct and circumstantial email evidence showing coordinated bidding, allocation of shares, tender distribution, price discussions, bid withdrawal directions and continued receipt of cartel communications without dissociation; contravention under Sections 3(1) and 3(3)(a) to (d) was therefore affirmed. Once cartel conduct was established, the presumption of appreciable adverse effect on competition applied and was not rebutted; reliance on Rajasthan Cylinder was distinguished. The partner's liability under Section 48 was upheld, and penalty based on average income at the same rate as the firm was held proper. Challenges based on vacancy in composition and denial of cross-examination failed, and both appeals were dismissed.
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