Provision for a society Cadre Fund was held deductible as...

Provision for a society Cadre Fund was held deductible as business expenditure under section 37 because it constituted a present obligation under AS 29, with probable outflow and reliable estimation, and therefore was not a contingent liability. Applying Bharat Earth Movers, the Tribunal held that a business liability once incurred and reasonably estimable remains deductible even if discharged later. The Tribunal also relied on consistent accounting treatment, prior departmental acceptance, and coordinate-bench precedents on identical facts, and found the disallowance unsustainable. The addition was directed to be deleted.