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    Disclosure of reasons for executive investigations is required; absence of disclosed material led to quashing of the investigation notice.
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      Provision for a society Cadre Fund was held deductible as...

      Cadre Fund provision deductible as business liability under AS 29 where present obligation and reliable estimation were shown.

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      Income TaxMarch 24, 2026Case LawsAT
      Provision for a society Cadre Fund was held deductible as business expenditure under section 37 because it constituted a present obligation under AS 29, with probable outflow and reliable estimation, and therefore was not a contingent liability. Applying Bharat Earth Movers, the Tribunal held that a business liability once incurred and reasonably estimable remains deductible even if discharged later. The Tribunal also relied on consistent accounting treatment, prior departmental acceptance, and coordinate-bench precedents on identical facts, and found the disallowance unsustainable. The addition was directed to be deleted.

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      ActsIncome Tax