Benami transaction and beneficial ownership: documentary and circumstantial evidence show payors were true beneficiaries, resulting in PBPTA consequen...
Denial of Preferential Treatment under SAFTA overturned where unchallenged Country of Origin certificate warranted exemption under Notification benefi...
Continuing offence of money-laundering: discharge set aside and proceedings reinstated where laundering continued after inclusion of predicate offence...
A customs broker ordinarily functions as agent of the exporter and acts on the exporter's instructions; primary responsibility for correctness of shipping bill particulars, including valuation, rests with the exporter. Penalty for facilitating overvaluation cannot be sustained without a specific adjudicatory finding and positive evidence that the broker committed acts or omissions that enabled over invoicing or rendered goods liable to confiscation. Where investigation and orders fail to establish the broker's role in alleged overvaluation, imposition of penalty is not justified and must be set aside.
A customs broker ordinarily functions as agent of the exporter and acts on the exporter's instructions; primary responsibility for correctness of shipping bill particulars, including valuation, rests with the exporter. Penalty for facilitating overvaluation cannot be sustained without a specific adjudicatory finding and positive evidence that the broker committed acts or omissions that enabled over invoicing or rendered goods liable to confiscation. Where investigation and orders fail to establish the broker's role in alleged overvaluation, imposition of penalty is not justified and must be set aside.
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