Pre-trial bail granted where custodial period, documentary prosecution, and magistrate-triable offence favor release subject to surety and no witness ...
Allowability of Salary Exemptions: Form 16 entries can substantiate HRA and other salary exemptions, and home loan interest is deductible for a self-o...
Capital gains exemption: payment for plot, architect fees and bona fide commencement of construction can satisfy utilisation requirement and secure re...
Prohibition on entering foreign exchange derivative contracts without prior regulatory permission is affirmed: respondent conceded online trading in prohibited derivatives and the transactions constituted contraventions of applicable derivative regulations and direction instruments, establishing liability. The opinion applies the principle that civil penalties for regulatory contraventions do not require mens rea, following precedent treating such breaches as civil obligations; penalty under the statutory scheme is therefore attractable once contravention is proved. The commentary notes mitigation: the adjudicator reduced the quantified penalty and ordered adjustment of the pre-deposit against the reduced amount.
Prohibition on entering foreign exchange derivative contracts without prior regulatory permission is affirmed: respondent conceded online trading in prohibited derivatives and the transactions constituted contraventions of applicable derivative regulations and direction instruments, establishing liability. The opinion applies the principle that civil penalties for regulatory contraventions do not require mens rea, following precedent treating such breaches as civil obligations; penalty under the statutory scheme is therefore attractable once contravention is proved. The commentary notes mitigation: the adjudicator reduced the quantified penalty and ordered adjustment of the pre-deposit against the reduced amount.
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