Electronic WhatsApp evidence without authentication or independent corroboration cannot sustain an unexplained-investment addition based on third-part...
Mutual current-account transactions excluded from deemed dividend treatment where no fresh borrowing arose; unsupported unsecured-loan addition also f...
Amendment of pleadings: the Tribunal upheld the Adjudicating Authority's discretion to permit an amended Form No.1 altering the date of default because amendments or additional documents may be filed before a final order on an insolvency admission application; outcome-liberty to amend was valid and amendment stands. Limitation and prejudice: the Tribunal applied established amendment principles, noting the amended plea remained within limitation and no valuable right of the respondent was lost; outcome-no prejudice shown and reply opportunity sufficed. Procedural exercise of discretion: the authority must assess admission ingredients on pleadings and documents; outcome-matter remitted for merits determination.
Amendment of pleadings: the Tribunal upheld the Adjudicating Authority's discretion to permit an amended Form No.1 altering the date of default because amendments or additional documents may be filed before a final order on an insolvency admission application; outcome-liberty to amend was valid and amendment stands. Limitation and prejudice: the Tribunal applied established amendment principles, noting the amended plea remained within limitation and no valuable right of the respondent was lost; outcome-no prejudice shown and reply opportunity sufficed. Procedural exercise of discretion: the authority must assess admission ingredients on pleadings and documents; outcome-matter remitted for merits determination.
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