Unlawful outward remittances via Hawala using proforma invoices and electronic records proved; documents admitted, directors penalised, penalties redu...
Attachment of equivalent-value properties as proceeds of crime upheld; preventive attachment order and confirmation sustained; no independent ED reinv...
Broker trading-system "technical glitch" redefinition and narrowed incident-reporting regime for large IBT/STWT brokers requiring 2-hr notice and 14-w...
Liability for non-registration turned on allocation of operational roles under the MOU and Guidelines: uploading contracts to the foreign online portal was the foreign authority's distinct obligation, while the domestic authority's duty arose only to verify entries already reflected on that portal; consequently the domestic authority could not be held liable for the foreign authority's failure to upload. Challenges to fixation of the Country Cap and its allocation raised economic policy issues; the court declined to substitute judgment for a plausible policy decision absent manifest arbitrariness, unreasonableness, or mala fides, and found no violation of equality or trade rights.
Liability for non-registration turned on allocation of operational roles under the MOU and Guidelines: uploading contracts to the foreign online portal was the foreign authority's distinct obligation, while the domestic authority's duty arose only to verify entries already reflected on that portal; consequently the domestic authority could not be held liable for the foreign authority's failure to upload. Challenges to fixation of the Country Cap and its allocation raised economic policy issues; the court declined to substitute judgment for a plausible policy decision absent manifest arbitrariness, unreasonableness, or mala fides, and found no violation of equality or trade rights.
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