Time Relevance of Expense: commission deductible when incurred; restructuring transfers, lease obligations upheld; unenforceable sale agreement bars l...
Abuse of dominant position allegations against an exchange found not prima facie; regulator reliance on sectoral expertise upheld and no investigation...
Reason to believe as an essential ingredient for imposing a penalty under section 112(b) is examined, with emphasis on corroboration failures and circumstantial indicators permitting an inference of prior knowledge rather than innocent carriage; the account's unverifiable intermediary, non traceable contact details and voluntary no objection to seizure supported that inference, sustaining the legal basis for penalty. The article also explains that judicial discretion may moderate penalty quantum on humanitarian and equitable grounds where confiscation and prosecution remain in place, resulting in reduced monetary penalties.
Reason to believe as an essential ingredient for imposing a penalty under section 112(b) is examined, with emphasis on corroboration failures and circumstantial indicators permitting an inference of prior knowledge rather than innocent carriage; the account's unverifiable intermediary, non traceable contact details and voluntary no objection to seizure supported that inference, sustaining the legal basis for penalty. The article also explains that judicial discretion may moderate penalty quantum on humanitarian and equitable grounds where confiscation and prosecution remain in place, resulting in reduced monetary penalties.
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