Benami transaction and beneficial ownership: documentary and circumstantial evidence show payors were true beneficiaries, resulting in PBPTA consequen...
Denial of Preferential Treatment under SAFTA overturned where unchallenged Country of Origin certificate warranted exemption under Notification benefi...
Continuing offence of money-laundering: discharge set aside and proceedings reinstated where laundering continued after inclusion of predicate offence...
Applying the common parlance and essential character tests, the article explains that products whose composition and intended use show they are fruit-based beverage preparations cannot be excluded from a statutory "fruit drink" entry merely by being labeled as "sharbat" or by regulatory nomenclature; the decisive factors are nature, composition and commercial identity. Inclusive "including" clauses must be construed broadly and the Revenue bears the burden to justify residuary classification; resort to residuary entries is impermissible where a specific entry reasonably applies. Uniform concessional treatment across multiple States has evidentiary weight for commercial understanding and supports a bona fide classification claim.
Applying the common parlance and essential character tests, the article explains that products whose composition and intended use show they are fruit-based beverage preparations cannot be excluded from a statutory "fruit drink" entry merely by being labeled as "sharbat" or by regulatory nomenclature; the decisive factors are nature, composition and commercial identity. Inclusive "including" clauses must be construed broadly and the Revenue bears the burden to justify residuary classification; resort to residuary entries is impermissible where a specific entry reasonably applies. Uniform concessional treatment across multiple States has evidentiary weight for commercial understanding and supports a bona fide classification claim.
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