Deductibility for charitable donations affirmed where payments to approved relief funds, even if CSR-driven, qualify under the donation deduction sche...
Mis-declaration in import descriptions must be deliberate to justify confiscation; withheld contemporaneous import documents invalidate value redeterm...
Liability for EPCG export shortfall: duty and interest sustained, but confiscation and penalties quashed where no fraud and causes beyond importer con...
Applying the common parlance and essential character tests, the article explains that products whose composition and intended use show they are fruit-based beverage preparations cannot be excluded from a statutory "fruit drink" entry merely by being labeled as "sharbat" or by regulatory nomenclature; the decisive factors are nature, composition and commercial identity. Inclusive "including" clauses must be construed broadly and the Revenue bears the burden to justify residuary classification; resort to residuary entries is impermissible where a specific entry reasonably applies. Uniform concessional treatment across multiple States has evidentiary weight for commercial understanding and supports a bona fide classification claim.
Applying the common parlance and essential character tests, the article explains that products whose composition and intended use show they are fruit-based beverage preparations cannot be excluded from a statutory "fruit drink" entry merely by being labeled as "sharbat" or by regulatory nomenclature; the decisive factors are nature, composition and commercial identity. Inclusive "including" clauses must be construed broadly and the Revenue bears the burden to justify residuary classification; resort to residuary entries is impermissible where a specific entry reasonably applies. Uniform concessional treatment across multiple States has evidentiary weight for commercial understanding and supports a bona fide classification claim.
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