Retrospective application of beneficial circulars upheld, binding officers and granting post adjudication relief where adjudication occurred after cir...
Admissibility of Investigation Statements requires witness examination before the adjudicating authority; otherwise statements cannot sustain a penalt...
Transaction value and connected person treatment in excise valuation: proprietary concerns not inter connected undertakings, relief on valuation and c...
Classification of goods turned on technical composition and SAFTA eligibility; the tribunal applied precedent to hold that low nickel content (including around 1%) does not itself exclude SAFTA benefit and that the personal technical knowledge attributed to the Customs House Agent (CHA) was insufficient to establish culpability. On that basis the tribunal concluded the record does not support invocation of penalty under section 112(b) of the Customs Act and set aside the penalty, granting consequential relief.
Classification of goods turned on technical composition and SAFTA eligibility; the tribunal applied precedent to hold that low nickel content (including around 1%) does not itself exclude SAFTA benefit and that the personal technical knowledge attributed to the Customs House Agent (CHA) was insufficient to establish culpability. On that basis the tribunal concluded the record does not support invocation of penalty under section 112(b) of the Customs Act and set aside the penalty, granting consequential relief.
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