Pre-commencement R&D deduction denied where business had not commenced; deeming benefit requires tangible start of manufacture or commercial exploitat...
Priority of set-off: brought forward business losses must be adjusted before unabsorbed depreciation; procedural safeguards required for invoking rest...
Right to travel under Article 21 is affirmed as an essential aspect of dignity, but subject to proportionality of liberty-restricting conditions; courts must require a tangible and real flight-risk before imposing travel bars, and may exercise inherent jurisdiction to secure the ends of justice by imposing reasonable conditions rather than total prohibition. Applying those principles, the High Court found the petitioner's foreign business travel was not shown to be an actual flight risk and that denial would disproportionately harm family and commercial interests, and accordingly quashed the lower court order restricting travel.
Right to travel under Article 21 is affirmed as an essential aspect of dignity, but subject to proportionality of liberty-restricting conditions; courts must require a tangible and real flight-risk before imposing travel bars, and may exercise inherent jurisdiction to secure the ends of justice by imposing reasonable conditions rather than total prohibition. Applying those principles, the High Court found the petitioner's foreign business travel was not shown to be an actual flight risk and that denial would disproportionately harm family and commercial interests, and accordingly quashed the lower court order restricting travel.
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