Person chargeable with duty must be the importer at importation; subsequent purchasers cannot be held liable where beneficial owner rules did not appl...
Prohibited importation of cosmetics without prior regulatory registration attracts seizure and confiscation; warehousing or re export claims do not cu...
Provisional release on security permitted where cash deposit plus bond secures differential duty; classification and treaty benefits referred for deci...
Customs Valuation Rule Sequence must be followed; single-comparator re-determination and penalties set aside without comparability or proof of mis-dec...
Benami transaction challenge to a Provisional Attachment Order: the definition of a benami transaction under Section 2(9)(A) of the 1988 Act applies where property remained in the name of benamidars on and after the 2016 amendment, so the amendment's prospective character does not defeat attachment. The fiduciary capacity exception was not accepted on the facts; the benamidar was neither employee nor agent and the purchase was made for the benefit of the beneficial owner, including use of a Scheduled Caste nominee for registration. Consequently the tribunal found the statutory ingredients satisfied and dismissed the appeals.
Benami transaction challenge to a Provisional Attachment Order: the definition of a benami transaction under Section 2(9)(A) of the 1988 Act applies where property remained in the name of benamidars on and after the 2016 amendment, so the amendment's prospective character does not defeat attachment. The fiduciary capacity exception was not accepted on the facts; the benamidar was neither employee nor agent and the purchase was made for the benefit of the beneficial owner, including use of a Scheduled Caste nominee for registration. Consequently the tribunal found the statutory ingredients satisfied and dismissed the appeals.
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