Steel-timber construction shuttering/formwork tariff classification dispute: essential character held steel, classified as shuttering under Heading 73...
Family-linked property purchases using fabricated loan agreements and benami-style arrangements held to be crime proceeds; attachment upheld, appeal d...
Charitable tree plantation and maintenance for environmental preservation treated as "charitable activity", exempt from GST under Notification 12/2017...
Initial defect in authorization to prosecute under the Negotiable Instruments regime is a curable defect; a company acts through natural persons and a complaint stating prima facie that an authorised employee represents the company and has knowledge is sufficient for cognizance. Where authorization is disputed on serious factual grounds the accused may raise the issue at trial and the Magistrate should not dismiss at threshold; invocation of inherent jurisdiction to quash such cognizance is unjustified. Subsequent ratification or board resolution may validate the complaint and additional evidence to that effect was rightly permitted.
Initial defect in authorization to prosecute under the Negotiable Instruments regime is a curable defect; a company acts through natural persons and a complaint stating prima facie that an authorised employee represents the company and has knowledge is sufficient for cognizance. Where authorization is disputed on serious factual grounds the accused may raise the issue at trial and the Magistrate should not dismiss at threshold; invocation of inherent jurisdiction to quash such cognizance is unjustified. Subsequent ratification or board resolution may validate the complaint and additional evidence to that effect was rightly permitted.
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