Governmental authority status supports construction-service exemption, while pre-cutoff contract and stamp-duty compliance requires verification on re...
Automated Free Sale and Commerce Certificates enable paperless processing while retaining risk-based manual verification for selected exporter applica...
Employee stock-shortage penalties do not constitute consideration for services, preventing GST collection under Schedule II in employment relationship...
Dishonour of a cheque returned with the endorsement "Insufficient Funds" attracts the statutory presumptions and shifts the onus to the drawer to rebut that insufficiency; where return reasons allege invalidity or presentation after validity period due to merger/acquisition of the drawee bank, court may examine compliance with the proviso to Section 138 and attendant facts before quashing. Blank signed cheque filled by payee still draws the presumption of genuineness. When return remarks show only insufficiency, factual adjudication at trial is required; accordingly the applications to quash the Section 138 complaints were dismissed.
Dishonour of a cheque returned with the endorsement "Insufficient Funds" attracts the statutory presumptions and shifts the onus to the drawer to rebut that insufficiency; where return reasons allege invalidity or presentation after validity period due to merger/acquisition of the drawee bank, court may examine compliance with the proviso to Section 138 and attendant facts before quashing. Blank signed cheque filled by payee still draws the presumption of genuineness. When return remarks show only insufficiency, factual adjudication at trial is required; accordingly the applications to quash the Section 138 complaints were dismissed.
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