Retrospective application of beneficial circulars upheld, binding officers and granting post adjudication relief where adjudication occurred after cir...
Admissibility of Investigation Statements requires witness examination before the adjudicating authority; otherwise statements cannot sustain a penalt...
Transaction value and connected person treatment in excise valuation: proprietary concerns not inter connected undertakings, relief on valuation and c...
Appointment of Registrars as adjudicating officers under Companies Act reallocates territorial jurisdiction and sets appeal route to Regional Director...
Liability of directors for offences under the Negotiable Instruments Act turns on demonstrable participation in company affairs; documentary indicia such as Form 32, cheque signatory status, and co-signature on balance sheets can support summoning. One director was correctly summoned because records show active involvement; her non-involvement is a defence to be contested at trial. By contrast, resignation properly recorded in Form 32 and board minutes, supported by independent evidence establishing resignation before the cause of action, removes a director from company involvement and warranted quashing of the summoning and discharge in his favour.
Liability of directors for offences under the Negotiable Instruments Act turns on demonstrable participation in company affairs; documentary indicia such as Form 32, cheque signatory status, and co-signature on balance sheets can support summoning. One director was correctly summoned because records show active involvement; her non-involvement is a defence to be contested at trial. By contrast, resignation properly recorded in Form 32 and board minutes, supported by independent evidence establishing resignation before the cause of action, removes a director from company involvement and warranted quashing of the summoning and discharge in his favour.
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