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Annual production capacity determinations excluding stenter galleries support refunds for unconstitutional excise levies without an unjust-enrichment ...
Vicarious liability for cheque dishonour requires specific allegations of responsibility and cheque signatory; generic director allegations cannot sus...
IT Resilience Index requires market infrastructure institutions to automate resilience scoring, early warnings, and continuous service-delivery monito...
Section 108 summonsed witnesses and statements must be treated as examinable evidence; under the scheme equivalent to court proceedings a witness should be examined and the adjudicating authority must determine admissibility before admission, after which the opposing party is entitled to cross-examination noncompliance renders such statements inadmissible, and retracted statements are not usable. Electronic records including computer printouts and emails require procedural safeguards (such as panchnama and compliance with provisions governing electronic evidence) before being admitted; absence of such compliance meant the reassessment rejecting declared transaction value and consequent demands, confiscation and penalties could not be sustained, and the impugned order was set aside.
Section 108 summonsed witnesses and statements must be treated as examinable evidence; under the scheme equivalent to court proceedings a witness should be examined and the adjudicating authority must determine admissibility before admission, after which the opposing party is entitled to cross-examination noncompliance renders such statements inadmissible, and retracted statements are not usable. Electronic records including computer printouts and emails require procedural safeguards (such as panchnama and compliance with provisions governing electronic evidence) before being admitted; absence of such compliance meant the reassessment rejecting declared transaction value and consequent demands, confiscation and penalties could not be sustained, and the impugned order was set aside.
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