Benami transaction and beneficial ownership: documentary and circumstantial evidence show payors were true beneficiaries, resulting in PBPTA consequen...
Denial of Preferential Treatment under SAFTA overturned where unchallenged Country of Origin certificate warranted exemption under Notification benefi...
Regularization of bona fide default under the Foreign Trade Policy provisions operates to revise and restate the export obligation (EO) in the Advance Authorizations, and the quantum of EO is a licensing authority determination; consequently fulfilment of EO as accepted by the licensing authority precludes Customs from treating conditions in Customs notifications as separately violated. An Export Obligation Discharge Certificate (EODC) is conclusive evidence of EO fulfilment for recovery purposes and, where bonds securing authorizations have been cancelled, demands under Customs Act provision for recovery cannot be enforced, negating duty, interest, penalty and confiscation.
Regularization of bona fide default under the Foreign Trade Policy provisions operates to revise and restate the export obligation (EO) in the Advance Authorizations, and the quantum of EO is a licensing authority determination; consequently fulfilment of EO as accepted by the licensing authority precludes Customs from treating conditions in Customs notifications as separately violated. An Export Obligation Discharge Certificate (EODC) is conclusive evidence of EO fulfilment for recovery purposes and, where bonds securing authorizations have been cancelled, demands under Customs Act provision for recovery cannot be enforced, negating duty, interest, penalty and confiscation.
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